Table 18.
Summary of the Fit of the Latent Growth Curve Models and Mediational Models
| Variable in Analysis | χ2 | CFI | RMSEA | CI RMSEA | SRMR | Constraints |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latent Growth Curve Models | ||||||
| Mother negative emotionality | ||||||
| Ind. LGM | χ2(6, N = 171) = 4.42, p = .62 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.08 | 0.017 | IT |
| Moderation 1 | χ2(17, N = 170) = 13.19, ns | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.07 | 0.073 | IT & IS |
| With outcomes | χ2(38, N = 171) = 57.41, p = .02 | 0.980 | 0.055 | 0.02–0.08 | 0.048 | IT |
| Mod. with outcomes | χ2(105, N = 170) = 126.16, p = .08 | 0.978 | 0.049 | 0.00–0.08 | 0.087 | IT IS MIS OS |
| Teacher negative emotionality | ||||||
| Ind. LGM | χ2(10, N = 171) = 15.65, p = .11 | 0.985 | 0.057 | 0.00–0.11 | 0.055 | None |
| Moderation 1 | χ2(19, N = 169) = 13.99, ns | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.07 | 0.034 | IS |
| Moderation 2 | χ2(23, N = 169) = 23.95, ns | 0.997 | 0.022 | 0.00–0.09 | 0.061 | IS |
| With outcomes | χ2(42, N = 171) = 53.25, ns | 0.985 | 0.040 | 0.00–0.07 | 0.043 | |
| Mod. with outcomes | NA (error) | |||||
| Mother resiliency | ||||||
| Ind. LGM | χ2(1, N = 171) = 0.14, ns | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.15 | 0.006 | NA |
| Moderation 1 | χ2(3, N = 170) = 3.79, ns | 0.996 | 0.056 | 0.00–0.20 | 0.119 | NA |
| With outcomes | χ2(9, N = 171) = 10.58, ns | 0.997 | 0.032 | 0.00–0.10 | 0.026 | |
| Mod. with outcomes | χ2(38, N = 170) = 34.49, ns | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.07 | 0.071 | MIS & OS |
| Mother control/regulation | ||||||
| Ind. LGM | χ2(7, N = 171) = 2.76, ns | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.04 | 0.059 | None |
| Moderation 1 | χ2(11, N = 170) = 16.39, ns | 0.993 | 0.076 | 0.00–0.15 | 0.061 | IS |
| Moderation 2 | χ2(17, N = 170) = 24.36, ns | 0.990 | 0.071 | 0.00–0.13 | 0.091 | IS |
| With outcomes | χ2(39, N = 171) = 67.15, p = .003 | 0.975 | 0.065 | 0.04–0.09 | 0.067 | |
| Mod. with outcomes | χ2(98, N = 170) = 147.86, p = .001 | 0.956 | 0.077 | 0.05–0.10 | 0.102 | IS MS OS |
| Mother externalizing | ||||||
| Ind. LGM | χ2(1, N = 171) = 0.85, ns | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.20 | 0.015 | NA |
| Moderation 1 | χ2(5, N = 170) = 14.98, p = .01 | 0.963 | 0.153 | 0.07–0.25 | 0.109 | NA |
| Moderation 2 | χ2(6, N = 170) = 15.59, p = .02 | 0.965 | 0.137 | 0.06–0.22 | 0.117 | NA |
| With outcomes | χ2(9, N = 171) = 11.05, ns | 0.997 | 0.037 | 0.00–0.10 | 0.022 | |
| Mod. with outcomes | χ2(39, N = 170) = 53.90, p = .06 | 0.977 | 0.067 | 0.00–0.11 | 0.121 | MI & OS |
| Father externalizing | ||||||
| Ind. LGM | χ2(1, N = 150) = 0.12, ns | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.15 | 0.005 | NA |
| Moderation 1 | χ2(3, N = 148) = 1.85, ns | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.16 | 0.048 | NA |
| Moderation 2 | χ2(3, N = 148) = 0.64, ns | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.09 | 0.009 | NA |
| With outcomes | χ2(9, N = 163) = 8.21, ns | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.08 | 0.026 | |
| Mod. with outcomes | NA (error) | |||||
| Teacher externalizing | ||||||
| Ind. LGM | χ2(1, N = 171) = 1.88, ns | 0.991 | 0.072 | 0.00–0.23 | 0.024 | NA |
| Moderation 1 | χ2(1, N = 169) = 2.30, ns | 0.983 | 0.124 | 0.00–0.34 | 0.030 | NA |
| Moderation 2 | χ2(2, N = 169) = 2.97, ns | 0.987 | 0.076 | 0.00–0.24 | 0.036 | NA |
| With outcomes | χ2(22, N = 171) = 39.33, p = .01 | 0.962 | 0.068 | 0.03–0.10 | 0.056 | |
| Mod. with outcomes | NA (error) | |||||
| Mother positive affect | ||||||
| Ind. LGM | NA (perfect fit) | NA | ||||
| Moderation 1 | χ2(2, N = 158) = .319, ns | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.12 | 0.028 | NA |
| Moderation 2 | χ2(2, N = 158) = 2.20, ns | 0.995 | 0.036 | 0.00–0.23 | 0.043 | NA |
| With outcomes | χ2(9, N = 158) = 8.82, ns | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.09 | 0.041 | |
| Mod. with outcomes | χ2(66, N = 158) = 82.40, p = .08 | 0.958 | 0.056 | 0.00–0.09 | 0.092 | OS |
| Mother warmth | ||||||
| Ind. LGM | χ2(1, N = 158) = 9.05, p<.05 | 0.848 | 0.226 | 0.11–0.37 | 0.08 | NA |
| Moderation 1 | χ2(2, N = 158) = .671, ns | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.16 | 0.030 | NA |
| Moderation 2 | χ2(2, N = 158) = 9.34, p = .01 | 0.850 | 0.216 | 0.09–0.36 | 0.102 | NA |
| With outcomes | χ2(9, N = 158) = 17.45, p = .04 | 0.980 | 0.077 | 0.01–0.13 | 0.035 | |
| Mod. with outcomes | χ2(34, N = 158) = 36.69, ns | 0.994 | 0.032 | 0.00–0.09 | 0.072 | OS |
|
| ||||||
| Mediational Models | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Negative emo. & positive affect | χ2(184, N = 173) = 274.36, p<.001 | 0.940 | 0.053 | 0.04–0.07 | 0.096 | IT |
| Resiliency (M) & positive affect | χ2(36, N = 171) = 52.89, p = .03 | 0.973 | 0.052 | 0.02–0.08 | 0.056 | NA |
| Resiliency (T) & positive affect | χ2(36, N = 171) = 57.83, p = .01 | 0.952 | 0.060 | 0.03–0.09 | 0.070 | NA |
| Control/regulation & positive affect | χ2(172, N = 173) = 278.48, p<.001 | 0.943 | 0.060 | 0.05–0.07 | 0.068 | M cont. IT |
| Negative emo. & warmth | χ2(183, N = 173) = 289.36, p<.001 | 0.933 | 0.058 | 0.05–0.07 | 0.094 | IT |
| Resiliency (M) & warmth | χ2(35, N = 171) = 52.24, p = .03 | 0.974 | 0.054 | 0.02–0.08 | 0.047 | NA |
| Resiliency (T) & warmth | χ2(35, N = 171) = 66.41, p = .001 | 0.939 | 0.072 | 0.05–0.10 | 0.066 | NA |
| Control/regulation & warmth | χ2(175, N = 173) = 351.06, p<.001 | 0.908 | 0.076 | 0.07–0.09 | 0.071 | M cont. IT |
M = parent (usually mother) report; T = teacher report; CI = confidence intervals; emo. = emotionality; Ind. = Individual variable model testing the trajectory; Moderation1 = model testing moderation by sex testing for sex differences on the intercept and slope; Moderation2 = moderation by sex estimating the values of the intercept and slopes for boys and girls; Mod. = moderation; NA = not applicable; IT = indicators over time; IS = indicators for boys and girls (by sex); MIS = mean intercept and slope across sexes; MI = mean intercept across sexes; MS = mean slope across sexes; OS = paths to the outcomes across sexes; M cont. IT = indicator for mothers’ reports of ego control constrained over time.