Table 2.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria
• study includes children age 0 – 18 inclusive; and
• study investigates manipulation in a therapeutic clinical context; and
• study was published in a peer reviewed publication, or was reported at Conference Proceedings; or
• relevant systematic review.
Exclusion criteria
• descriptive studies (ie surveys) that do not investigate manipulation in a therapeutic clinical context,
• studies in which a small number of pediatric subjects were a part of a larger adult trial, and the results are not reported separately,
• abstracts from conference proceedings which were later published in the scholarly literature.