FIGURE 1.

Kinases affecting sarcomeric proteins. Major substrates for these kinases are illustrated in a region of overlap between thin actin-containing and thick myosin-containing filaments. Also shown is a portion of the network of proteins at the Z-disk, which houses docking sites (e.g. ZASP) for kinases. Thin filaments terminate in the Z-disk and are capped by CapZ; thick filaments connect to the Z-disk network via the giant elastic (PEVK region) protein, titin. See text for details. ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; β-AR, β-adrenergic receptor; LPA, lysophosphatidic acid; S1P, sphingosine 1-phosphate; ET-1, endothelin-1; Ang II, angiotensin II; BK, bradykinin; ACh, acetylcholine; ECC, excitation-contraction coupling; CaMK, calmodulin kinase; MHC, myosin heavy chain; MLC, myosin light chain.