Figure 3. Statistical parsimony networks of Y chromosome haplotypes in North American Canis, based on four microsatellites.

Coyote haplotypes are shown in yellow, Alaskan and Canadian gray wolves in white, Mexican wolves in blue, and red wolves in red. Inferred intermediate haplotypes are shown as small open circles. A: Haplotypes with the 208 allele at MS41A, characteristic of the gray wolf lineage. H2 is a haplotype found in a Texas coyote with the 208 allele at locus MS41A. B: Haplotypes with alleles ≥212 at MS41A, characteristic of the coyote lineage. H15 is shared between captive red wolves and coyotes from Texas.