Table 5.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the VACH Cohort Population According to the Presence of Fat Redistribution
| Without LD (n=1938) | With LD (n=420) | Total (n=2358) | p | |
| Age (years), median [IQR] | 39.00 [35.00,44.00] | 41.00 [37.00,46.00] | 40.00 [35.00,44.00] | <0.0001 |
| Age > 45 years male, > 55 female, n (%) [95%CI] | 331 (17.1%) [15.4%,18.8%] | 95 (22.6%) [18.7%,26.9%] | 426 (18.1%) [16.5%,19.7%] | 0.0076 |
| Body mass index, median [IQR] | 23.80 [21.72,25.65] | 23.83 [21.84,25.85] | 23.82 [21.75,25.67] | 0.5305 |
| Body mass index > 30 kg/m2 median, n (%) [95%CI] | 74 (3.8%) [3.0%,4.8%] | 8 (1.9%) [0.8%,3.7%] | 82 (3.5%) [2.8%,4.3%] | 0.0523 |
| Current smoker, n (%) [95%CI] | 1141 (58.9%) [56.6%,61.1%] | 256 (61.0%) [56.1%,65.6%] | 1397 (59.2%) [57.2%,61.2%] | 0.4322 |
| Sex (female), n (%) [95%CI] | 439 (22.7%) [20.8%,24.6%] | 83 (19.8%) [16.1%,23.9%] | 522 (22.1%) [20.5%,23.9%] | 0.1959 |
| Clinical AIDS, n (%) [95%CI] | 630 (32.5%) [30.4%,34.6%] | 158 (37.6%) [33.0%,42.4%] | 788 (33.4%) [31.5%,35.4%] | 0.0441 |
| Clinical or Immunologic AIDS, n (%) [95%CI] | 1100 (56.8%) [54.5%,59.0%] | 268 (63.8%) [59.0%,68.4%] | 1368 (58.0%) [56.0%,60.0%] | 0.0080 |
| CD4 cell count (x 106/l), median [IQR)] | 414.00 [249.50,628.50] | 480.00 [310.00,713.00] | 426.00 [256.00,651.00] | <0.0001 |
| Nadir CD4 cell count (x 106/l), median [IQR)] | 141.00 [49.00,252.00] | 130.00 [47.00,240.00] | 140.00 [48.00,250.00] | 0.3251 |
| Time from HIV diagnosis (years), median [IQR)] | 7.21 [4.02,12.47] | 9.08 [6.26,13.98] | 7.46 [4.42,12.75] | <0.0001 |
| HIV-1 RNA (log10), median [IQR)] | 1.70 [1.69,2.24] | 1.69 [1.69,1.85] | 1.69 [1.69,2.17] | 0.0011 |
| ART exposure (years), median [IQR)] | 4.01 [1.72,5.95] | 5.51 [3.75,6.85] | 4.29 [1.98,6.19] | <0.0001 |
| HAART exposure (years), median [IQR)] | 3.80 [1.65,5.52] | 5.29 [3.70,6.56] | 4.10 [1.90,5.79] | <0.0001 |
| Exposure to PI, n (%) [95%CI] | 1363 (70.3%) [68.2%,72.4%] | 348 (82.9%) [78.9%,86.3%] | 1711 (72.6%) [70.7%,74.4%] | <0.0001 |
| Duration (years), median [IQR)] | 2.42 [0.00,5.53] | 5.25 [1.98,6.64] | 3.26 [0.00,5.80] | <0.0001 |
| Exposure to NNRTIs, n (%) [95%CI] | 1283 (66.2%) [64.0%,68.3%] | 297 (70.7%) [66.1%,75.0%] | 1580 (67.0%) [65.1%,68.9%] | 0.0746 |
| Duration (years), median [IQR)] | 1.33 [0.00,3.45] | 2.49 [0.00,4.17] | 1.51 [0.00,3.64] | <0.0001 |
| Exposure to NRTIs, n (%) [95%CI] | 1935 (99.8%) [99.5%,100.0%] | 420 (100.0%) [99.3%,100.0%] | 2355 (99.9%) [99.6%,100.0%] | 0.4198 |
| Duration (years), median [IQR)] | 4.00 [1.72,5.94] | 5.51 [3.73,6.85] | 4.28 [1.98,6.19] | <0.0001 |
| Family story of CVD, n (%) [95%CI] | 236 (12.2%) [10.8%,13.7%] | 70 (16.7%) [13.2%,20.6%] | 306 (13.0%) [11.6%,14.4%] | 0.0131 |
| Previous CVD, n (%) [95%CI] | 33 (1.7%) [1.2%,2.4%] | 7 (1.7%) [0.7%,3.4%] | 40 (1.7%) [1.2%,2.3%] | 0.9586 |
| Hypertension, n (%) [95%CI] | 412 (21.3%) [ 19.5%,23.2%] | 127 (30.2%) [25.9%,34.9%] | 539 (22.9%) [21.2%,24.6%] | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus [% (95% CI) | 121 (6.2%) [5.2%,7.4%] | 51 (12.1%) [9.2%,15.7%] | 172 (7.3%) [6.3%,8.4%] | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l), median [IQR)] | 4.87 [4.14,5.67] | 4.84 [3.96,5.67] | 4.87 [4.12,5.67] | 0.2802 |
| Total cholesterol > 6.2 mmol/l, n (%) [95%CI] | 280 (14.4%) [12.9%,16.1%] | 66 (15.7%) [12.4%,19.6%] | 346 (14.7%) [13.3%,16.2%] | 0.5061 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l), median [IQR)] | 1.22 [0.98,1.50] | 1.11 [0.91,1.40] | 1.19 [0.96,1.48] | 0.0002 |
| HDL cholesterol < 0.9 mmol/l, n (%) [95%CI] | 347 (17.9%) [ 16.2%,19.7%] | 92 (21.9%) [18.0%,26.2%] | 439 (18.6%) [17.1%,20.2%] | 0.0562 |
| TC/HDL ratio | 4.00 [3.11,5.07] | 4.24 [3.23,5.37] | 4.05 [3.13,5.13] | 0.0184 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l), median [IQR)] & | 2.82 [2.12,3.57] | 2.77 [1.99,3.55] | 2.81 [2.10,3.57] | 0.3614 |
| LDL cholesterol > 4.14 mmol/l, n (%) [95%CI] & | 235 (12.2%) [10.7%,13.7%] | 52 (12.4%) [9.4%,16.0%] | 287 (12.2%) [10.9%,13.6%] | 0.8812 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l), median [IQR)] | 1.53 [1.06,2.27] | 1.70 [1.18,2.82] | 1.55 [1.08,2.35] | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides > 2.3 mmol/l, n (%) [95%CI] | 469 (24.2%) [22.3%,26.2%] | 142 (33.8%) [29.3%,38.6%] | 611 (25.9%) [24.2%,27.7%] | <0.0001 |
| 10-year cardiovascular risk estimate, n (%) [95%CI] | <0.0001 | |||
| Low | 193 (10.0%) [8.7%,11.4%] | 68 (16.2%) [12.8%,20.1%] | 261 (11.1%) [9.8%,12.4%] | |
| Moderate | 1009 (52.1%) [49.8%,54.3%] | 148 (35.2%) [30.7%,40.0%] | 1157 (49.1%) [47.0%,51.1%] | |
| Moderate-high | 495 (25.5%) [23.6%,27.5%] | 145 (34.5%) [30.0%,39.3%] | 640 (27.1%) [25.4%,29.0%] | |
| High | 241 (12.4%) [11.0%,14.0%] | 59 (14.0%) [10.9%,17.7%] | 300 (12.7%) [11.4%,14.1%] | |
| Risk factor number, n (%) [95%CI] | <0.0001 | |||
| 0 | 542 (28.0%) [26.0%,30.0%] | 71 (16.9%) [13.4%,20.8%] | 613 (26.0%) [24.2%,27.8%] | |
| 1 | 668 (34.5%) [32.4%,36.6%] | 131 (31.2%) [26.8%,35.9%] | 799 (33.9%) [32.0%,35.8%] | |
| ≥ 2 | 728 (37.6%) [35.4%,39.8%] | 218 (51.9%) [47.0%,56.8%] | 946 (40.1%) [38.1%,42.1%] | |
Descriptive statistics are n (%) [95%CI] for qualitative, and median [IQR] for qualitative variables. LD = lipodystrophy, AIDS = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, ART = antiretroviral therapy, HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy, CVD = cardiovascular disease, PI = protease inhibitor; NNRTI = non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI = nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; HDL= high density lipoprotein; TC = total cholesterol. &Percentage of missingness <1%; null percentage for the rest of variables.