TABLE 3.

MULTIPLE LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS: UNADJUSTED AND ADJUSTED LUNG CANCER ASSOCIATIONS WITH AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION AND RADIOGRAPHIC EMPHYSEMA

			Unadjusted		Adjusted*		Adjusted†
	Cases	Noncases	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Airflow obstruction			(<0.0001)		(0.0052)		(0.28)‡
None	32	2,053	Ref		Ref		Ref
GOLD I	16	477	2.15	1.17–3.95	1.66	0.89–3.11	1.13	0.59–2.17
GOLD II	36	792	2.92	1.80–4.73	2.11	1.27–3.49	1.47	0.87–2.50
GOLD III–IV	15	217	4.43	2.36–8.32	2.86	1.48–5.53	1.87	0.92–3.80
Airflow obstruction			(<0.0001)		(0.0014)		(0.16)
None	32	2,053	Ref		Ref		Ref
GOLD I–IV	67	1,486	2.89	1.89–4.43	2.09	1.33–3.27	1.41	0.87–2.29
Radiographic emphysema			(<0.0001)		(<0.0001)		(<0.0001)
None	24	2,068	Ref		Ref		Ref
Trace	22	663	2.86	1.59–5.13	2.58	1.43–4.66	2.48	1.37–4.49
Mild	37	493	6.47	3.83–10.9	5.04	2.94–8.62	4.43	2.53–7.79
Moderate–severe	16	315	4.38	2.30–8.33	3.20	1.65–6.23	2.56	1.26–5.20
Radiographic emphysema			(<0.0001)		(<0.0001)		(<0.0001)
None	24	2,068	Ref		Ref		Ref
Any	75	1,471	4.39	2.76–6.99	3.56	2.21–5.73	3.14	1.91–5.15

Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; GOLD = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; OR = odds ratio.

Values in parentheses indicate the statistical significance of the indicated factor in multiple logistic regression models (Wald test P value).

^*Adjusted for sex, age, years of cigarette smoking, and smoking dose intensity (four categories).

^†Adjusted for sex, age, years of cigarette smoking, smoking dose intensity (four categories), and radiographic emphysema (four categories) or airflow obstruction (four categories), as appropriate.

^‡P for trend = 0.0391.