Scheme 2.

Chimeric F-box approach to biochemical protein degradation. In the wild-type E3 ligase, the F box recognizes the target protein, which is then ubiquitinated and ultimately degraded. If a binding domain for a target protein is engineered into the F box, a protein that is normally stable may be artificially ubiquitinated and degraded. E3=E3 ubiquitin ligase complex; Ub=ubiquitin; F=F-box-containing protein; BP=binding protein, recognition domain for the target protein.