Table 2.
Type of surgery, physiologic status, and fluid administered during the surgical procedure
| Parameter | Group | |
| C (n = 16) | I (n = 17) | |
| Type of surgery | ||
| Upper gastrointestinal | 4 | 4 |
| Hepato-biliary | 2 | 3 |
| Lower gastrointestinal | 8 | 10 |
| Urology | 1 | 0 |
| Other | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory settings | ||
| Tidal volume (ml/kg) | 9.1 ± 0.5 | 8.6 ± 0.6 |
| Ventilatory frequency (/min) | 13 ± 1 | 13 ± 1 |
| Physiologic status at start of surgery | ||
| Heart rate (/min) | 66 ± 9 | 77 ± 17 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 96 ± 16 | 90 ± 18 |
| SpO2(percentage) | 97 ± 3 | 97 ± 3 |
| ΔPP (percentage) | 22 ± 7 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11.3 ± 2.0 | 11.9 ± 2.5 |
| Physiologic status at end of surgery | ||
| Heart rate (/min) | 86 ± 19 | 80 ± 17 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 68 ± 20 | 78 ± 14 |
| SpO2 (percentage) | 97 ± 3 | 97 ± 3 |
| ΔPP (percentage) | 9 ± 1a | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 9.8 ± 1.4 | 9.6 ± 1.6 |
| Fluid administered | ||
| Volume of crystalloid infused (ml) | 1,563 ± 602 | 2,176 ± 1,060 |
| Volume of colloid infused (ml) | 0 | 2,247 ± 697b |
| Volume of red blood cells infused (ml) | 131 ± 268 | 159 ± 320 |
| Number of patients who received red blood cells | 4 | 5 |
| Volume of FFP infused (ml) | 0 | 35 ± 106 |
| Number of patients who received FFP | 0 | 2 |
| Total volume infused (ml) | 1,694 ± 705 | 4,618 ± 1,557b |
| Total volume infused (ml/kg per hour) | 7 ± 2 | 21 ± 8b |
| Duration of surgery (hours) | 3.7 ± 1.4 | 3.9 ± 2.0 |
SpO2, percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation; ΔPP, variation in arterial pulse pressure; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; C, control; I, intervention. aP < 0.05, end of surgery versus start of surgery; bP < 0.0001, control group versus intervention group.