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. 2008 Sep 29;205(10):2191–2198. doi: 10.1084/jem.20080720

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© 2008 Zaph et al.

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Figure 1. — Enteric commensal bacteria are required to limit the frequency of Th17 cells in the intestine. (A) Expression of IL-17 by CD4⁺ T cells in the Peyer's patches, cecal patch, and LP of the small or large intestine of CNV and GF mice was analyzed by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry plots depict log10 fluorescence. (B–D) Expression of mRNA for Il17 and Rorc (B), Il6 and Tgfb (C), or Il23a and Il12b (D) in the large intestine of CNV and GF mice was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. (E and F) Expression of mRNA for Il23a (E) and Il17 (F) in the large intestine of CNV and antibiotic-treated (Tx) CNV mice was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results are from 3 experiments (n = 6–9). Rel. units, relative units. *, P < 0.05. Error bars indicate the SEM.