Filled pause |
Nonlexical one-syllable filler syllables |
(Um) his colt named Blackie. |
Interjection |
Conventional words or phrases that do not contribute information to an utterance |
(Well) the horses never got to get any apples. |
Part-word repetition |
The repetition of phonemes or syllables of a word |
The girl wanted to (fl*) fly her yellow kite. |
Whole-word repetition |
1. The repetition of whole monosyllabic or multisyllabic words without emphatic meaning |
(We) we are safe now. |
|
2. The repetition of whole phrases or multi-words without emphatic meaning |
But then (the boy) the boy drowned. (The boy was) the boy was nervous about the birds. |
Revision |
Recognizable modifications of an already-produced unit, which result in alternation of lexical, syntactic, semantic or phonological materials |
There was (a f*) a brown fence separated. |
Orphan |
Linguistic units that do not have a reliably identifiable relationship to other units |
I will get (in) the money. |