TABLE 5.

Examples of exogenous factors that can induce or aggravate hypertension

Prescription drugs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including coxibs

Corticosteroids and anabolic steroids

Oral contraceptive and sex hormones

Vasoconstricting or sympathomimetic decongestants

Calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporin, tacrolimus)

Erythropoietin and analogues

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Midodrine

Other substances and conditions

Licorice root

Stimulants, including cocaine

Salt

Excessive alcohol use

Sleep apnea

Reproduced with permission from the Canadian Hypertension Education Program