Figure 3.

(a) Time-dependent effect of sulforaphane (10 μm) on β-defensin-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in wild-type, empty-vector and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) mutant HT-29 cells after 24 and 48 hr of treatment. β-Defensin-2 mRNA was measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with the fluorescent dye Pico Green. All values for mRNA levels are normalized to corresponding mRNA amounts for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Induction of β-defensin-2 mRNA is displayed as a relative percentage to solvent-treated control cells; NS, not significant. (b) Western blot for PPARγ expression after treatment of HT-29 wild-type cells with sulforaphane (10 μm) for 48 hr. One representative blot of three independent experiments is shown.