. 2008 Oct;125(2):145–153. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02939.x

Table 1.

Summary of the expression pattern and function of Toll-like receptor (TLR)1–10 on mouse and human CD4⁺ T-cell subsets

	Human				Mouse
	T-effector cells		T-regulatory cells		T-effector cells		T-regulatory cells
	Expression	Biology	Expression	Biology	Expression	Biology	Expression	Biology
TLR-1	Expressed,mRNA³⁹^,⁹⁰^,⁹¹	ND	ND	ND	Expressed,mRNA⁵⁵^,⁵⁸	ND	ExpressedmRNA⁵⁵^,⁹²	ND
TLR-2	Expressed,mRNA;³⁹^,⁹⁰^,⁹¹ expressed inmemory cells;³⁷ not expressedmRNA andprotein;⁹³	Increased proliferationand cytokineproduction inmemory cells²³^,³⁷^,³⁹	Not expressed,mRNA andprotein⁹³	Hsp60 enhancedsuppression⁴⁹	Expressed, mRNAand protein³⁶^,⁴⁸^,⁵⁵	Increased proliferationany cytokineproduction,³⁶^,³⁷^,⁴⁸ specific effect on Th1,not Th2 cells³⁸	Expressed,mRNA⁵⁵^,⁹⁴	PAM3Cys increasedproliferation,transient decrease inFOXP3 expressionand suppression,⁴⁷^,⁴⁸
TLR-3	ExpressedmRNA³⁹^,⁹⁰	No biological effectdetected³⁹	ND	ND	Expressed, mRNAand protein³⁶^,⁴⁰^,⁵⁵	Enhanced survivaland proliferation³⁶^,⁴⁰	Expressed,mRNA⁵⁵	ND
TLR-4	ExpressedmRNA,³⁹^,⁹⁰ notexpressedmRNA andprotein⁴³^,⁹³	No biological effectdetected³⁷^,³⁹^,⁴³	ExpressedmRNA⁴³, notexpressedprotein⁴³^,⁹³	No biologicaleffect detected⁴³	Expressed, mRNAand protein³⁶^,⁵⁵	Enhanced proliferation³⁶	Expressed,mRNA⁵⁵	Increasedproliferation,⁵⁵ nobiological effectdetected³⁷^,⁴⁷
TLR-5	Expressed;mRNA andprotein³⁹^,⁴³^,⁹⁰^,⁹¹^,⁹³	Enhanced proliferationand cytokineproduction³⁹^,⁴³^,⁴⁴	Expressed, mRNAand protein⁴³^,⁹³	Enhanced FOXP3expression andsuppressivecapacity⁴³	Expressed,mRNA;⁴⁰^,⁵⁵ notexpressed, mRNA⁵⁸ or protein³⁶	ND	Expressed,mRNA⁵⁵	ND
TLR-6	Expressed mRNA,⁹⁰ not expressedmRNA andprotein³⁹^,⁹³	ND	Expressed, mRNAand protein⁹³	ND	Expressed, mRNA⁵⁵^,⁵⁸	ND	Expressed,mRNA⁵⁵	ND
TLR-7	ExpressedmRNA³⁹^,⁹⁰^,⁹¹	Enhancedproliferation³⁹	Not ExpressedmRNA⁵⁰	ND	Expressed, mRNA⁵⁵^,⁵⁸	ND	Expressed.mRNA⁵⁵	ND
TLR-8	Expressed mRNA,⁹⁰ not expressed,protein³⁹^,⁹³	No biologicaleffect detected⁵⁰	Expressed mRNAprotein⁵⁰^,⁹³	Reducedsuppressivecapacity⁵⁰	Expressed, mRNA⁵⁵^,⁵⁸	ND	Expressed,mRNA⁵⁵	ND
TLR-9	Expressed,mRNA³⁹^,⁹⁰^,⁹¹	Expressiondown-regulatedupon infection⁹¹	Not Expressed, mRNA⁵⁰	ND	Expressed, mRNAand protein³⁶^,⁴⁰^,⁹⁵	Increasedproliferation³⁶^,⁴⁰^,⁵¹ and Bcl-x(L)expression⁹⁵	Not expressed,mRNA⁵⁵	Blocks suppressivefunction;⁵¹ necessaryfor suppressionin a lupus model⁵²
TLR-10	Expressed,mRNA,⁹⁰^,⁹¹ not expressed,mRNA andprotein³⁹^,⁹³	ND	Expressed mRNAand protein⁹³	Expression regulatedby FOXP3⁹³	ND	ND	ND	ND

T-regulatory refers to cells defined on the basis of CD25 and/or forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) expression. T effector refers to cells that were either total CD4⁺ T cells, or CD4⁺ T cells that were depleted of T-regulatory cells. ND, not determined as of July 2008.