Table 2.
Pre-treatment | Post-treatment | Significance | |
Insomnia Severity Index [ISI] | 17.68 (s.d. 4.49) | 10.89 (s.d. 5.40) | p < 0.001a |
Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] | 11.75 (s.d. 5.25) | 8.64 (s.d. 5.07) | p = 0.03a |
Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] | 7.0 (IQR 2.0–10.0)* | 2.0 (IQR 0–6.0)* | p < 0.001b |
Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI] | 10.07 (s.d. 6.41) | 5.39 (s.d. 4.43) | p = 0.002a |
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAMD] | 6.5 (IQR 3.0–10.5)* | 1.0 (IQR 0–1.5)* | p < 0.001b |
modified Clinical Global Impression [mCGI] (mCGI-Severity for pre-treatment and mCGI-Impression for post-treatment conditions) |
9.0 (IQR 8.0–10.0)* | 4.0 (IQR 2.0–4.5)* | p < 0.001b |
Total sleep time TST [min] | 361.80 (s.d.113.20) | 454.12 (s.d.59.37) | p = 0.01a |
Sleep latency SL [min] | 26.0 (IQR 11.98–46.10)* | 7.25 (IQR 3.83–13.0)* | p = 0.004b |
Sleep efficiency SE [%] | 77.58 (s.d. 19.28) | 89.60 (s.d. 8.43) | p = 0.004a |
Wake after sleep onset WASO [min] | 80.42 (s.d. 56.85) | 48.27 (s.d. 37.17) | p = 0.02a |
Stage 1 [min] | 28.5 (IQR 22.0–41.75)* | 22.75 (IQR 16.5–37.0)* | p = 0.29b |
Stage 2 [min] | 154.48 (s.d. 51.43) | 149.12 (s.d. 55.72) | p = 0.72a |
Stage 3+4 [min] | 112.52 (s.d. 80.62) | 175.09 (s.d. 94.09) | p = 0.01a |
REM [min] | 65.59 (s.d. 43.49) | 107.91 (s.d. 49.12) | p = 0.001a |
In most cases data are expressed as the mean (standard deviation). Characters in bold indicate significance (p < 0.05).
* Data are presented as median (interquartile range) due to non-normal data distribution
a – Paired-Samples T test; b – Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test;
IQR – interquartile range; s.d. – standard deviation; N.S. – non significant