Figure 4.
Maternal responsiveness to helpers versus chicks. (a) Each chick received similar changes in food delivery frequency from their mother irrespective of whether they were reared in pairs or groups (change in reduced broods, pairs versus groups (white bars): F1,18=1.70, p=0.21; change in enlarged broods, pairs versus groups (grey bars): F1,18=0.54, p=0.47). (b) The magnitude of helper effect on maternal provisioning rates was greater than the magnitude of the brood size effect (t30=2.08, p<0.05). (a) Means±s.e and (b) effect sizes±95% CI.