Figure 4. Potential mechanisms for tau-induced cell-cycle activation.

These include general mechanisms, such as DNA damage [67, 88, 89], oxidative stress [66] and dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system [80]. Other mechanisms may be tau-specific, including direct-tau protein interactions that subserve activation of mitogenic signaling pathways, and indirect activation of the cell cycle through alterations of microtubules.