Table 1.
Cross-sectional Associations Between Year 15 Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein or Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Demographic, Health Behaviors, and Clinical Variables (N = 1889 Without Metabolic Syndrome at Year 15)a
| Quintiles of Oxidized LDL (U/L) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1(<55.4) | 2(55.4–69.1) | 3(69.2–81.2) | 4(81.3–97.3) | 5(≥97.4) | P Value for Trenda | |
| Participants, No. | 377 | 378 | 373 | 386 | 375 | |
| Age, y | 40.1 | 40.2 | 40.2 | 40.2 | 40.4 | .45 |
| Men, % | 34.8 | 38.3 | 40.5 | 51.5 | 56.5 | <.001 |
| African American % | 33.8 | 36.2 | 43.5 | 42.2 | 47.8 | <.001 |
| BMI | ||||||
| Mean | 25.8 | 26.4 | 27.7 | 27.9 | 28.7 | <.001 |
| >30, % | 15.4 | 17.9 | 27.4 | 25.7 | 32.9 | <.001 |
| Current smoker, % | 17.5 | 18.1 | 20.4 | 14.7 | 18.3 | .77 |
| Cholesterol, mean, mg/dL | ||||||
| LDL | 87.1 | 102.1 | 109.9 | 122.3 | 141.4 | <.001 |
| HDL | 57.4 | 54.0 | 53.6 | 50.9 | 48.6 | <.001 |
| Triglyceride, mean, mg/dL | 67.9 | 77.1 | 83.8 | 91.2 | 116.3 | <.001 |
| Glucose, mean, mg/dL | 81.9 | 83.1 | 83.0 | 84.1 | 84.9 | <.001 |
| Insulin, mean, µU/mL | 10.3 | 11.4 | 12.0 | 12.3 | 14.1 | <.001 |
| Blood pressure, mean, mm Hg | ||||||
| Systolic | 108.9 | 109.7 | 111.3 | 110.3 | 112.1 | <.001 |
| Diastolic | 70.7 | 72.6 | 73.5 | 72.8 | 73.7 | .001 |
| Waist circumference, mean, cm | 81.9 | 84.0 | 86.4 | 86.8 | 90.1 | <.001 |
| C-reactive protein, mean, mg/L | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.0 | .04 |
| Adiponectin, mean, mg/L | 13.1 | 12.1 | 11.6 | 11.0 | 10.2 | <.001 |
|
Quintiles of LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) |
||||||
| 1(<86) | 2(86–101) | 3(102–118) | 4(119–138) | 5(≥139) | ||
| Participants, No. | 367 | 381 | 396 | 364 | 381 | |
| Age, mean, y | 40.2 | 40.0 | 40.3 | 40.1 | 40.5 | .15 |
| Men, % | 34.2 | 36.0 | 42.3 | 50.5 | 58.7 | <.001 |
| African American, % | 41.9 | 35.4 | 41.1 | 43.2 | 42.1 | .30 |
| BMI | ||||||
| Mean | 25.6 | 27.2 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 28.5 | <.001 |
| >30, % | 16.0 | 23.0 | 24.9 | 25.1 | 29.8 | <.001 |
| Current smoker, % | 23.4 | 19.2 | 14.8 | 16.0 | 15.7 | .003 |
| Oxidized LDL, mean, U/L | 56.6 | 67.8 | 76.9 | 84.7 | 99.9 | <.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mean, mg/dL | 57.0 | 53.7 | 52.4 | 51.1 | 50.4 | <.001 |
| Triglyceride, mean, mg/dL | 76.0 | 80.7 | 84.2 | 93.1 | 102.1 | <.001 |
| Glucose, mean, mg/dL | 81.2 | 82.8 | 83.5 | 84.2 | 85.3 | <.001 |
| Insulin, mean, µU/mL | 10.6 | 11.5 | 12.2 | 12.5 | 13.2 | <.001 |
| Blood pressure, mean, mm Hg | ||||||
| Systolic | 109.5 | 110.1 | 110.5 | 110.3 | 111.7 | .02 |
| Diastolic | 71.4 | 72.1 | 73.3 | 72.7 | 73.8 | <.001 |
| Waist circumference, mean, cm | 82.3 | 84.9 | 86.2 | 86.8 | 88.9 | <.001 |
| C-reactive protein, mean, mg/L | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.8 | .60 |
| Adiponectin, mean, mg/L | 13.0 | 11.8 | 11.6 | 10.8 | 10.8 | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index, which is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
SI conversion factors: To convert glucose to millimoles per liter, multiply values by 0.0555; C-reactive protein to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 9.524; HDL cholesterol to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259; and triglycerides to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0113.
Tabulated data are linear regression estimates of means that were adjusted for age, sex, race, and study center.