Table 1.
Correlations between observed empathic and nonempathic responses, self-reported spouse responses to pain, marital satisfaction, and perceived spousal support
| I-PP | I-S | V-PP | V-S | PR-PP | PR-S | SR-PP | SR-S | DR-PP | DR-S | DAS-PP | DAS-S | PSS-PP | PSS-S |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-PP -- | .55** | -.16 | -.08 | .23* | .19* | -.15 | -.01 | -.16 | .06 | -.21* | -.26** | -.44** | -.30** |
| I-S | -- | .09 | -.38** | .30** | .31** | -.07 | -.01 | -.14 | .07 | -.17 | -.28** | -.27** | -.16 |
| V-PP | -- | -.46** | -.10 | -.05 | .03 | .00 | -.00 | -.03 | .19* | .18* | .20* | -.01 | |
| V-S | -- | -.18* | -.26** | .30** | .21* | .19* | -.00 | .24* | .24* | .16 | -.01 | ||
| PR-PP | -- | .47** | -.30** | -.06 | -.20* | .08 | -.48** | -.36** | -.39** | -.34** | |||
| PR-S | -- | -.15 | .11 | -.07 | .00 | .26** | -.43** | -.25** | -.34** | ||||
| SR-PP | -- | .50** | .70** | .36** | .49** | .21* | .33** | .16 | |||||
| SR-S | -- | .34** | .63* | .20* | .11 | .08 | .13 | ||||||
| DR-PP | -- | .46** | .41** | .24* | .28** | .10 | |||||||
| DR-S | -- | .18* | .21* | .06 | .19* | ||||||||
| DAS-PP | -- | .57** | .60** | .37** | |||||||||
| DAS-S | -- | .39** | .50** | ||||||||||
| PSS-PP | -- | .42** | |||||||||||
| PSS-S | -- |
Note:
*
p < .05
**
p < .01.
I-S = Invalidation by Spouse, V-S = Validation by Spouse, V-PP = Validation by Person with Pain, I-PP = Invalidation by Person with Pain. For the following variables, PP = Report by Person with Pain; S = Spouse Report: PR = Punishing Responses, SR = Solicitous Responses, DR = Distracting Responses, DAS = Dyadic Adjustment Scale, PSS = Perceived Spousal Support