Figure 8. Enrichment of phenotypic neighborhood of logic circuits with novel ‘useful’ phenotypes.

Number of novel modular functions divided by the number of all novel functions found in the phenotypic neighborhood of an evolved circuit is shown. Mean±SE is presented for best individuals in MVG and FG populations. Goals were: G1 = (x XOR y) OR (w XOR z), G2 = (x XOR y) AND (w XOR z). For MVG, data are for generations where the goal was G1. Data are from 40 simulations in each case.