Table 2.
Pregnancy outcome in women with pregestational diabetes allocated to antenatal care plus continuous glucose monitoring or to standard antenatal care only (control group). Values are percentages (numbers) unless stated otherwise
| Variable | Continuous glucose monitoring (n=38) | Standard antenatal care (n=33) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| No of first trimester miscarriages | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| No of terminations | 1 | 0 | 1.0 |
| Neonatal death* | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| No of live singletons | 38 | 31 | |
| No of live singletons with malformation | 1 chromosomal† | 1 cardiovascular | 1.0 |
| No of women with pre-eclampsia | 2 | 0 | 0.5 |
| No of twins‡ | 5 | 0 | 0.5 |
| Delivery mode§: | |||
| Vaginal | 29 (11) | 39 (12) | 0.4 |
| Elective caesarean | 42 (16) | 20 (6) | 0.07 |
| Emergency caesarean | 29 (11) | 43 (13) | 0.3 |
| Neonatal morbidity: | |||
| Preterm delivery <37 weeks | 16 (6) | 19 (6) | 0.8 |
| Admission to neonatal care unit | 24 (9) | 19 (6) | 0.8 |
| Neonatal hypoglycaemia | 8 (3) | 17 (5) | 0.5 |
| Mean (SD) gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 37.6 (1.3) | 37.5 (1.5) | 0.8 |
| Mean (SD) birthweight standard deviation score¶ | 0.9 (1.0) | 1.6 (1.4) | 0.05 |
| Mean (SD) birth weight (g)** | 3340 (760) | 3630 (500) | 0.07 |
| Median birthweight centile** | 69 | 93 | 0.02 |
| Macrosomia (≥90th centile) | 35 (13) | 60 (18) | 0.05 |
| Extremely large for gestational age (≥97.7th centile) | 14 (5) | 30 (9) | 0.1 |
| Small for gestational age (≤10th centile) | 11 (4) | 0 | 0.1 |
*Twin pregnancy with death of anencephalic twin and healthy surviving twin.
†Trisomy 21.
‡Two further sets of twins were delivered to mothers in intervention arm resulting in five healthy live twins.
§For comparison between elective and emergency caesarean section rates between groups, P=0.08.
¶Scores calculated only for 62 healthy living singletons (32 in intervention arm, 30 in control arm).
**Calculations were done for 67 of 69 healthy living infants (37 in intervention arm, 30 in control arm), after excluding one infant from each group as a result of congenital or chromosomal malformation. Twins are included, with centiles calculated using specific twin standards. Difference in birthweight centiles remained significant (P=0.04) when twins were excluded.