Table 2 Interventions to increase parental driving supervision and management of independent driving.
| Study | Design; sample; purpose | Results |
|---|---|---|
| Supervised practice driving | ||
| Goodwin, Waller, Foss, Margolis26 | Randomized trial; n = 528 parent‐teen dyads recruited during the learner's permit stage; evaluate effects on supervised practice driving of NETS materials | • No significant treatment group differences |
| Chaudhary, Ferguson, Herbel41 | Randomized trial (3 groups); n = 500 parents/group; evaluate effects of NETS and other materials on supervised practice driving and parent management of teen driving after licensure | • High satisfaction with materials• No significant treatment group differences |
| Independent driving | ||
| Hartos, Nissen, Simons‐Morton42 | Prospective interviews at license with 3 month follow up; n = 47 parent‐teen dyads recruited from private driving schools; evaluate the acceptability of the Checkpoints Program | • Families reported liking the agreement |
| • Most adopted limits | ||
| – Night | ||
| – Teen passengers | ||
| – High speed roads | ||
| – More limits at follow up than initial intent | ||
| Simons‐Morton, Hartos, Beck44,45 | Randomized trial with assessment at license, 1, 4, and 9 months; n = 658 parent‐teen dyads; test the efficacy of the Checkpoints Program (video, parent‐teen driving agreement, personal admonishment) delivered at time of teen licensure at DMV | With Checkpoints |
| • More strict driving limits | ||
| – Night driving → 1 month | ||
| – Passengers and high speed roads → 4 months | ||
| – Overall limits → 9 months | ||
| • Parents 3 times more likely to report adopting and maintaining a parent‐teen agreement | ||
| Simons‐Morton, Hartos, Leaf, Preusser43 | Randomized trial with assessments at baseline, licensure, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post‐licensure; n = 469 parent‐teen dyads recruited at time teen obtained a learner's permit; evaluate the efficacy of the Checkpoints Program | With Checkpoints |
| • More strict driving limits → 12 months | ||
| • Predictors of driving limits | ||
| – Teen and parent expectations (+) | ||
| – Male gender (+) | ||
| – Limits at license (+) | ||
| Simons‐Morton, Hartos, Leaf, Preusser46,47 | Randomized trial with assessments at baseline, licensure, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post license; n = 3743 parent‐teen dyads recruited at time of teen permit; test the effectiveness of the Checkpoints Program on teen driving outcomes (recruitment at permit) | With Checkpoints |
| • Driving limits (+) | ||
| • Risk perceptions (+) | ||
| • Outcome expectations (+) | ||
| • Expected limits (+) | ||
| • Lower driving outcomes(a) at 12 months and indirect effect through limits(b) | ||
| – Risky driving(a‐b) | ||
| – Violations(a‐b) | ||
| – Crashes(b) |
NETS, Network of Employers for Traffic Safety; DMV, Department of Motor Vehicles.