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. 2006 Jun;15(Suppl 2):ii4–ii19. doi: 10.1136/tc.2006.015685

Table 1 Percentage of students exposed to smoke at home and exposed to smoke outside home, Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 1999–2005*.

Country Region name Exposed to smoke in home 95% CI Exposed to smoke outside home 95% CI
TOTAL 43.9 (±2.5) 55.8 (±2.5)
African Region 30.4 (±3.8) 46.3 (±4.0)
Benin
Atlantique Littoral, 2003 21.5 (±3.0) 38.0 (±3.4)
Borgou Alibori, 2003 30.7 (±3.7) 41.4 (±4.3)
Botswana
Country, 2001 33.0 (±3.1) 52.5 (±4.1)
Burkina Faso
Ouagadougou, 2001 38.4 (±5.6) 69.3 (±5.3)
Côte D'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
Ville Sud, 2003 39.6 (±3.1) 66.7 (±2.8)
Abidjan, 2003 44.2 (±2.9) 69.7 (±3.4)
Ethiopia
Addis Ababa, 2003 14.9 (±3.6) 41.2 (±3.4)
Ghana
Country, 2002 22.2 (±3.8) 41.4 (±4.5)
Kenya
Country, 2001 27.2 (±4.1) 43.2 (±3.7)
Lesotho
Country, 2002 39.5 (±2.7) 60.4 (±2.6)
Malawi
Blantyre, 2000 19.0 (±4.5) 30.4 (±7.1)
Lilongwe, 2000 16.0 (±2.3) 35.5 (±2.1)
Mali
Bamako, 2001 59.9 (±4.6) 75.9 (±5.8)
Mauritania
Country, 2001 46.3 (±2.9) 53.8 (±3.7)
Mauritius
Country, 2003 42.0 (±4.7) 68.2 (±5.1)
Mozambique
Maputo, 2002 24.8 (±5.5) 39.4 (±4.7)
Gaza Inhambane, 2002 21.3 (±3.1) 34.3 (±4.4)
Namibia
Country, 2004 40.3 (±3.3) 58.5 (±2.6)
Niger
Country, 2001 43.2 (±4.9) 71.3 (±5.1)
Nigeria
Cross River State, 2000 34.3 (±5.1) 49.6 (±5.5)
Senegal
Country, 2002 45.8 (±3.9) 62.6 (±3.9)
Seychelles
Country, 2002 43.3 (±3.3) 60.9 (±3.9)
South Africa
Country, 2002 34.9 (±3.6) 43.4 (±3.1)
Swaziland
Country, 2001 29.1 (±2.0) 58.8 (±2.5)
Togo
Country, 2002 28.2 (±3.9) 59.8 (±6.1)
Uganda
Arua, 2002 42.9 (±6.2) 64.0 (±3.3)
Kampala, 2002 16.6 (±2.1) 46.2 (±6.8)
Mpigi, 2002 17.0 (±2.8) 39.5 (±4.1)
United Republic of Tanzania
Arusha, 2003 18.2 (±3.3) 23.3 (±5.1)
Kilimanjaro, 2003 19.0 (±2.7) 26.0 (±3.1)
Dar Es Salaam, 2003 28.3 (±3.2) 37.1 (±4.8)
Zambia
Chongwe Luangwa, 2002 31.3 (±4.3) 43.8 (±5.4)
Lusaka, 2002 29.4 (±3.9) 40.9 (±3.3)
Kafue, 2002 23.7 (±3.5) 34.1 (±4.2)
Zimbabwe
Harare, 2003 27.4 (±2.7) 56.4 (±2.5)
Manicaland, 2003 31.2 (±5.2) 50.3 (±5.9)
Matebeleland & Bulawayo, 2003 29.9 (±4.5) 56.9 (±3.2)
Region of the Americas 41.6 (±2.6) 63.0 (±2.6)
Antigua and Barbuda
Country, 2004 18.0 (±2.8) 40.3 (±4.2)
Argentina
Buenos Aires, 2003 71.0 (±1.9) 82.0 (±3.6)
Capital Federal, 2003 61.1 (±3.2) 82.7 (±2.4)
Bahamas
Country, 2004 21.6 (±4.2) 51.1 (±5.1)
Barbados
Country, 2002 22.4 (±3.0) 51.3 (±2.9)
Belize
Country, 2002 32.6 (±4.4) 60.3 (±3.7)
Bolivia
Cochabamba, 2003 42.7 (±4.1) 60.9 (±4.1)
El Alto, 2003 33.8 (±1.9) 47.5 (±2.6)
La Paz, 2003 34.3 (±3.2) 52.9 (±3.2)
Oruro, 2003 38.6 (±4.6) 55.1 (±4.2)
Santa Cruz, 2003 51.4 (±2.6) 62.6 (±3.2)
Brazil
Alagoas, 2004 37.4 (±3.3) 50.6 (±5.2)
Aracaju, 2002 31.1 (±3.9) 51.3 (±3.6)
Boa Vista, 2004 34.8 (±4.6) 46.0 (±5.5)
Curitiba, 2002 40.4 (±4.2) 60.3 (±4.6)
Espirito Santo Vitoria, 2004 27.8 (±3.8) 49.5 (±3.0)
Florianopolis, 2004 38.4 (±3.7) 53.6 (±2.9)
Fortaleza, 2002 44.9 (±6.1) 61.0 (±4.6)
Goiania, 2002 34.7 (±4.9) 50.7 (±3.8)
Matto Grosso do Sul, 2002 40.6 (±5.0) 53.3 (±4.2)
Paraiba, 2002 33.6 (±4.1) 47.8 (±4.8)
Rio de Janeiro Public, 2005 37.0 (±5.6) 51.8 (±3.9)
Rio Grande do Norte, 2002 36.9 (±4.9) 43.0 (±3.5)
Rio Grande do Sul, 2002 48.2 (±4.1) 62.2 (±4.3)
Salvador, 2005 20.4 (±3.9) 41.9 (±5.8)
Sao Luis, 2004 29.6 (±3.8) 46.0 (±2.3)
Tocantins, 2002 36.5 (±7.3) 49.8 (±6.7)
Chile
Concepcion, 2003 50.0 (±4.3) 64.2 (±6.0)
Coquimbo, 2003 43.8 (±4.3) 54.9 (±2.0)
Santiago, 2003 60.6 (±3.3) 69.8 (±2.3)
Valparaiso, 2003 50.7 (±4.4) 63.3 (±4.2)
Colombia
Bogota, 2001 43.6 (±2.4) 60.6 (±2.4)
Costa Rica
Country, 2002 29.4 (±2.2) 51.0 (±2.4)
Cuba
Havana, 2004 62.4 (±3.9) 65.0 (±4.2)
4 Additional Provinces, 2004 52.0 (±4.0) 56.7 (±4.5)
Dominica
Country, 2004 26.3 (±3.3) 60.2 (±3.3)
Dominican Republic
Country, 2004 33.1 (±3.1) 41.9 (±3.1)
Ecuador
Guayaquil, 2001 31.3 (±2.8) 46.0 (±3.1)
Quito, 2001 36.1 (±4.0) 56.9 (±3.6)
Zamora, 2001 41.8 (±3.2) 61.7 (±3.8)
El Salvador
Country, 2003 14.8 (±4.2) 39.5 (±11.6)
Grenada
Country, 2004 27.3 (±2.6) 61.8 (±3.6)
Guatemala
Chimal Tenago, 2002 24.9 (±4.7) 42.9 (±5.3)
Guatemala City, 2002 36.3 (±4.1) 49.4 (±3.3)
Guyana
Country, 2004 33.4 (±4.0) 61.1 (±4.2)
Haiti
Port au Prince, 2000 31.3 (±7.8) 51.8 (±5.2)
Honduras
San Pedro Sula La Ceiba, 2003 29.7 (±3.7) 41.8 (±8.8)
Tegucigalpa, 2003 29.6 (±3.3 42.2 (±5.4)
Jamaica
Country, 2000 30.7 (±3.2) 59.2 (±3.5)
Mexico
Chetumal, 2003 34.8 (±3.2) 48.7 (±3.0)
Chilpancingo, 2005 30.3 (±2.5) 42.9 (±3.7)
Cuernavaca, 2003 41.7 (±2.5) 56.5 (±2.9)
Culican, 2005 34.3 (±4.6) 47.1 (±3.1)
Durango, 2005 40.7 (±4.4) 52.0 (±2.4)
Guadalajara, 2003 46.2 (±2.4) 60.4 (±3.1)
Hermosillo, 2005 43.3 (±3.8) 58.3 (±4.5)
Juarez, 2003 48.7 (±3.7) 58.1 (±3.4)
Leon, 2005 49.7 (±3.0) 58.9 (±2.6)
Merida, 2005 36.6 (±3.3) 51.6 (±3.9)
Mexico City, 2003 51.6 (±2.6) 60.4 (±3.1)
Monterrey, 2005 44.2 (±3.6) 54.9 (±2.8)
Nuevo Laredo, 2003 42.9 (±3.2) 54.1 (±4.0)
Oaxaca, 2003 23.0 (±2.8) 41.9 (±3.9)
Puebla, 2003 41.7 (±4.2) 50.0 (±3.4)
Tapachula, 2003 29.2 (±3.7) 38.1 (±3.4)
Tepic, 2005 32.4 (±2.4) 51.5 (±3.1)
Tijuana, 2003 36.8 (±2.2) 51.1 (±2.7)
Toluca, 2005 39.8 (±2.8) 53.0 (±2.5)
Veracruz, 2005 35.3 (±2.6) 48.2 (±4.2)
Zacatecas, 2005 43.8 (±3.8) 55.2 (±2.8)
Montserrat
Country, 2000 18.1 ** 43.4 **
Nicaragua
Country, 2003 41.5 (±2.7) 50.8 (±2.5)
Panama
Country, 2002 32.0 (±2.8) 51.8 (±2.7)
Peru
Country, 2003 28.7 (±2.1) 40.4 (±3.0)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Country, 2002 16.5 (±3.3) 48.8 (±4.0)
Saint Lucia
Country, 2000 26.9 (±2.5) 58.1 (±3.5)
Saint Vincent and The Grenadines
Country, 2000 32.5 (±2.9) 64.1 (±3.4)
Suriname
Country, 2004 49.7 (±3.8) 64.2 (±4.5)
Trinidad and Tobago
Country, 2000 37.2 (±2.5) 68.7 (±2.3)
United States
Country, 2000 42.1 (±2.1) 69.7 (±1.8)
Uruguay
Colonia, 2000 58.3 (±4.1) 72.1 (±4.1)
Maldonado, 2000 64.2 (±3.6) 79.3 (±3.9)
Montevideo, 2000 64.6 (±2.8) 82.2 (±2.3)
Rivera, 2000 67.1 (±3.1) 80.8 (±3.1)
US Virgin Islands
Country, 2004 22.2 (±2.4) 37.5 (±3.0)
Paraguay
Alto Parana, 2003 41.6 (±3.2) 60.4 (±3.5)
Amambay, 2003 36.0 (±3.2) 54.0 (±2.8)
Asuncion, 2003 42.4 (±2.2) 66.3 (±2.3)
Central, 2003 38.6 (±3.1) 56.2 (±3.6)
Venezuela
Barinas, 2003 34.4 (±2.9) 41.5 (±2.9)
Cojedes, 2003 40.4 (±4.8) 51.3 (±2.9)
Lara, 2003 44.4 (±3.1) 54.4 (±3.0)
Monagas, 2003 39.3 (±3.5) 45.4 (±2.6)
Nueva Esparta, 2001 42.8 (±2.4) 50.5 (±4.4)
Tachira, 2001 41.8 (±3.5) 49.6 (±4.0)
Yaracuy state, 2001 39.2 (±2.7) 46.3 (±3.7)
Zulia, 2001 43.8 (±6.2) 45.0 (±5.4)
Virgin Islands (British)
Country, 2001 10.4 (±3.4) 43.3 (±5.4)
Eastern Mediterranean Region 37.6 (±3.5) 46.3 (±4.4)
Afghanistan
Kabul, 2004 38.8 (±5.6) 45.0 (±12.1)
Other Provinces, 2004 31.8 (±5.4) 49.5 (±8.9)
Bahrain
Country, 2002 38.7 (±3.3) 45.3 (±3.8)
Djibouti
Country, 2003 39.5 (±5.1) 43.2 (±6.3)
Egypt
Country, 2001 32.1 (±3.1) 44.0 (±5.7)
Gaza Strip‐West Bank
Gaza Strip, 2000 87.0 (±2.5) 50.9 (±3.2)
West Bank, 2000 66.8 (±2.2) 59.9 (±3.7)
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Country, 2003 41.7 (±2.4) 50.6 (±2.6)
Jordan
Country, 2003 63.0 (±3.6) 63.8 (±2.8)
Kuwait
Country, 2001 42.9 (±2.0) 59.1 (±2.3)
Lebanon
Country, 2001 77.3 (±2.9) 67.1 (±1.6)
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Country, 2003 40.4 (±4.1) 38.6 (±3.4)
Morocco
Country, 2001 25.1 (±3.2) 37.6 (±3.0)
Oman
Country, 2002 21.0 (±5.2) 30.3 (±5.6)
Pakistan
Islamabad, 2003 26.6 (±3.9) 33.9 (±4.9)
Lahore, 2003 22.2 (±8.3) 27.7 (±8.2)
Quetta, 2004 33.5 (±5.3) 34.3 (±7.1)
Qatar
Country, 2004 30.2 (±2.3) 46.8 (±3.4)
Saudi Arabia
Riyadh, 2001 25.9 (±3.0) 33.3 (±3.7)
Somalia
Somaliland, 2004 56.9 (±11.9) 63.9 (±8.8)
Sudan
Country, 2001 29.2 (±2.9) 41.0 (±3.2)
Syrian Arab Republic
Country, 2002 54.5 (±6.5) 49.7 (±5.5)
Tunisia
Country, 2001 62.4 (±2.7) 65.3 (±2.4)
United Arab Emirates
Country, 2002 30.8 (±2.5) 36.0 (±3.3)
Yemen
Country, 2003 44.0 (±2.1) 47.6 (±2.4)
European Region 78.0 (±2.6) 84.8 (±2.2)
Albania
Country, 2004 84.8 (±2.6) 80.6 (±2.4)
Armenia
Country, 2004 89.8 (±1.8) 85.1 (±3.2)
Belarus
Country, 2004 75.3 (±1.9) 90.1 (±1.2)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2003 96.7 (±0.7) 91.5 (±1.1)
Republic of Srpska, 2003 96.2 (±1.1) 91.1 (±1.3)
Bulgaria
Country, 2002 67.7 (±2.6) 75.7 (±2.5)
Croatia (Hrvatska)
Country, 2003 94.9 (±1.2) 91.1 (±1.0)
Czech Republic
Country, 2002 41.1 (±2.8) 74.5 (±2.2)
Estonia
Country, 2003 80.6 (±1.6) 90.7 (±0.9)
Georgia
Country, 2003 95.0 (±0.9) 93.8 (±1.1)
Greece
Athens, 2004 91.1 (±2.8) 94.3 (±1.1)
Hungary
Country, 2003 84.0 (±1.6) 92.8 (±1.7)
Kazakhstan
Country, 2004 72.7 (±2.7) 71.8 (±3.1)
Kyrgyzstan
Country, 2004 64.4 (±4.7) 64.9 (±4.1)
Latvia
Country, 2002 59.0 (±2.7) 71.3 (±1.9)
Lithuania
Country, 2005 43.1 (±3.0) 64.6 (±2.0)
Macedonia
Country, 2003 91.9 (±1.4) 80.2 (±2.9)
Poland
Country, 2003 86.7 (±2.5) 90.4 (±1.7)
Republic of Moldova
Country, 2004 62.3 (±2.8) 96.7 (±1.5)
Romania
Country, 2004 90.4 (±1.9) 81.5 (±2.7)
Russian Federation
Moscow, 1999 55.3 (±2.2) 72.5 (±2.1)
Sarov, 2002 36.5 (±2.9) 73.6 (±2.9)
Serbia and Montenegro
Montenegro, 2004 95.0 (±1.1) 84.6 (±2.4)
Republic of Serbia, 2003 97.7 (±0.5 90.6 (±1.2)
Slovakia
Country, 2003 79.5 (±2.2) 85.7 (±1.2)
Slovenia
Country, 2003 65.9 (±2.5) 89.0 (±1.3)
Tajikistan
Country, 2004 51.5 (±6.9) 69.7 (±5.4)
Turkey
Country, 2003 81.6 (±0.9) 85.9 (±1.1)
Ukraine
Country, 2005 70.1 (±2.8) 84.4 (±2.5)
South‐East Asia Region 37.0 (±1.6) 49.4 (±1.7)
Bangladesh
Dhaka, 2004 33.8 (±2.1) 46.7 (±3.8)
Bhutan
Country, 2004 29.2 (±3.8) 47.4 (±6.2)
India
Country, 2004 36.4 (±1.6) 48.7 (±1.6)
Indonesia
Bekasi, 2004 69.0 (±2.1) 77.4 (±2.4)
Jakarta, 2004 68.8 (±3.9) 82.7 (±3.5)
Medan, 2004 69.6 (±2.8) 79.9 (±4.0)
Maldives
Rural, 2004 51.2 (±4.6) 77.1 (±2.5)
Urban, 2003 45.4 (±3.8) 69.2 (±4.1)
Nepal
Biratnagar, 2004 84.7 (±6.8) 61.5 (±7.7)
Mahendranagar and Dhangad, 2004 42.3 (±4.7) 55.3 (±3.3)
Sri Lanka
Country, 2003 50.9 (±3.2) 68.3 (±3.1)
Western Pacific Region 50.5 (±3.2) 53.6 (±2.8)
American Samoa
Country, 2005 61.9 (±3.4)
Cambodia
Country, 2003 47.0 (±5.8) 58.5 (±5.5)
China
Chongqing, 1999 56.8 (±3.7) 59.6 (±3.2)
Guangdong, 1999 49.4 (±2.8) 48.4 (±2.8)
Puyang, 2005 32.6 (±5.4) 34.3 (±4.2)
Shandong, 1999 48.9 (±3.8) 42.9 (±2.7)
Shanghai, 2005 47.0 (±2.8) 35.2 (±3.2)
Tianjin, 2005 45.2 (±4.1) 38.5 (±3.7)
Zhuhai, 2005 44.2 (±3.1) 40.2 (±2.6)
Cook Islands
Country, 2003 57.6 (±4.2) 73.0 (±3.0)
Fiji
Country, 1999 49.4 (±4.8) 68.6 (±3.4)
Guam
Country, 2002 59.4 (±2.8)
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Luang Prabang Province, 2003 35.7 (±4.5) 45.5 (±4.7)
Savannakhet, 2003 45.5 (±3.8) 60.6 (±3.9)
Vientiane Municipality, 2003 43.2 (±2.2) 57.0 (±3.3)
Vientiane Province, 2003 42.9 (±5.7) 57.2 (±8.1)
Macau
Macau, 2001 39.0 (±3.9)
Malaysia
Country, 2004 59.0 (±4.1) 75.7 (±2.5)
Micronesia
Kosrae, 2000 53.2 (±3.5)
Pohnpei, 2000 51.2 (±3.0)
Mongolia
Country, 2003 63.7 (±3.2) 48.4 (±2.7)
Northern Mariana
Country, 2000 64.9 (±3.7) 80.2 (±4.5)
Palau
Country, 2000 46.0 (±3.7) 49.1 (±3.9)
Philippines
Country, 2004 56.4 (±2.9) 58.6 (±2.7)
Singapore
Country, 2000 35.1 (±1.5) 65.1 (±1.3)
Viet Nam
Denang, 2003 65.8 (±3.4)
Haiphong, 2003 56.5 (±6.6)
Hanoi, 2003 57.7 (±10.4)
Hochiminh, 2003 64.7 (±6.1)
Tuenquang, 2003 57.3 (±8.5)

*Data from 131 countries are included in this report. Notable countries, by WHO Region, that have not completed the GYTS include: Region of the Americas (Canada), European Region (most Western European countries), and Western Pacific Region (Australia, Japan, and New Zealand).

**No confidence interval calculated because the survey was conducted among a census of students.

†Not available.