| Airway |
|
Stridor (+ neck swelling) |
|
Retropharyngeal abscess, collar stud abscess with retropharyngeal extension, relationship of neck swelling to airway |
| Breathing |
|
Cyanosis |
|
Complex congenital cyanotic heart disease |
|
|
Respiratory failure |
|
Massive pleural effusion (+/− EU guided chest drain insertion) |
|
|
Heart failure |
|
Dilated cardiomyopathy, rheumatic heart disease, endocarditis, intracavity masses |
| Circulation |
|
Shock |
|
Tamponade (+/− EU guided pericardiocentesis), abdominal haemorrhage (free fluid +/− solid organ injury), cardiac filling pressures |
| Neurological disability |
|
Coma/convulsions |
|
Cerebral abscess (open fontanelle), subdural empyema (open fontanelle), raised intra‐cranial pressure (optic nerve sheath diameter measurement) |
