Table 3.
Group differences
| Region | Peak z-score | X, Y, Z | No. of voxels |
|---|---|---|---|
| Right midbrain VTA/nigra | 5.34 | 8, -22, -8 | 300 |
| Left midbrain | 3.68 | -10, -22, 2 | 380 |
| Left ventral pallidum/putamen | 4.25 | -18, -2, 6 | 139 |
| Thalamus | 4.59 | -14, -24, 4 | 447 |
| Right insula | 4.66 | 52, -2, -8 | 603 |
| Left insula | 4.41 | -36, -12, 2 | 721 |
| Cingulate middle | 3.69 | 2, 22, 32 | 453 |
| Cingulate posterior | 4.67 | -10, -34, 42 | 1207 |
| Right hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus | 4.55 | 36, -8, -18 | 170 |
| Left hippocampus | 3.94 | -36, -10, -14 | 194 |
| Left superior temporal gyrus | 4.76 | -48, -26, 6 | 1330 |
| Right superior temporal gyrus | 4.61 | 50, -16, 0 | 1497 |
| Left middle temporal gyrus | 4.29 | -58, -6, -18 | 113 |
| Right middle temporal gyrus | 3.87 | 52, -58, 4 | 1256 |
| Orbito-frontal cortex | 4.00 | 26, 14, -20 | 114 |
| Medial frontal lobe | 3.52 | 10, 46, 30 | 109 |
| R middle frontal gyrus | 3.73 | 36, 44, 14 | 183 |
| Left middle frontal gyrus | 3.42 | -26, 40, 28 | 101 |
| Right inferior parietal lobule | 4.11 | 64, -34, 38 | 289 |
| Right parietal lobe | 3.35 | 14, -84, 48 | 187 |
| Cerebellum | 3.79 | 6, -48, -20 | 383 |
| Calcalrine sulcus | 3.77 | -20, -64, 10 | 621 |
| Right occipital lobe | 4.06 | 30, -94, 14 | 1256 |
| Left occipital lobe | 4.18 | -44, -80, 10 | 856 |
Abbreviations: FDR, false discovery; VTA, ventral tegmental area.
Reward prediction error contrasted with neutral prediction error: regions with significantly different activations between groups on whole brain analysis, P < 0.05, FDR-corrected, cluster level 100 (See Supplementary Figure 8).