Table 4 Bioethics statements agreement level.
| Statement | C±Q |
|---|---|
| The goals of medical care are to cure disease, restore function, eliminate suffering, and prevent illness. | 5.00±0.00 |
| Today's modern medicine, in spite of highly developed technological achievements, cannot always be successful because it cannot always help to cure disease, restore function, eliminate suffering, and prevent illness. | 5.00±1.00 |
| The competent and informed patient has the right to refuse any form of treatment, regardless of whether he or she is terminally ill. | 5.00±1.00 |
| A diagnosis of mental illness does not by itself justify a judgment that the patient lacks decision making capacity. | 2.00±2.50 |
| The physician has a duty to recommend the course of treatment that in his or her judgment reflects the patient's best interest. | 5.00±0.00 |
| The physician should not respect the patient's refusal of a certain medical treatment if this, according to the judgment of the physician, could lead to the serious consequences for the patient's health. | 3.00±2.00 |
| If a patient lacks decision making capacity, a family member or significant other may act as the patient's surrogate. | 5.00±1.00 |
| If the patient's wishes about a medical treatment are known they should be followed. | 5.00±1.00 |
| If the patient's wishes about a medical treatment are not known an attempt should be made to determine what the patient would probably have wanted. | 4.00±2,.00 |
| Any quality of life consideration is to be assessed form the patient's perspective—for example, the patient's perceived experience of burden and benefit. | 4.00±1.00 |
| Parents have a right and a duty to make treatment decisions for their children and maybe presumed to be acting in their child's best interests. | 4.00±1.00 |
| Similar medical cases should be treated similarly. | 4.00±0.50 |
| There is a psychological and moral difference between withholding and withdrawing treatment under the same circumstances. | 4.00±1.00 |
| It is more reasonable to withhold the treatment on the grounds that it might not achieve the patient's desired goals than to start a treatment and then stop if the treatment does not achieve the patient's desired goals. | 4.00±2.00 |
| Treatment recommendations should clearly articulate the goals of treatment so that patients/surrogates can be clear as to whether treatment meets their desired goals. | 5.00±1.00 |
| Advance directives are not helpful in encouraging dialogue among patient, family, and physician about patient's values and preferences with respect to treatment until such time as they are no longer able to make decisions. | 3.00±2.00 |
| The rationing of health care (decisions about limiting availability of medical care to individual patients) should be explicitly addressed at the policy level, whether that be at the institutional, professional, or governmental level. | 4.00±1.00 |
| Rationing decisions in the healthcare system should be made by individual physicians for individual patients. | 2.00±2.00 |
| Patients may want to take into consideration economic factors in making their own decisions but surrogates' consideration of economic factors in making decisions for others is controversial. | 4.00±2.00 |
Level of agreement with statements regarding bioethical issues (tested on 66 respondents before the workshop): 1 = I completely disagree; 5 = I completely agree.
Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.