Table 1.

Odds ratios and 95% exact confidence limits for potential risk factors

Demographics	Carrier (n = 86)		Noncarrier (n = 198)		Odds ratio	95% exact confidence limit*	p Value*
	Number	Percent	Number	Percent
Gender
Female	43	50.0%	123	62.1%	0.61	0.366−1.016	0.058
Male	43	50.0%	75	37.9%	1.64	0.984−2.734	0.058
Ethnicity
White	36	41.9%	68	34.3%	1.376	0.819−2.313	0.228
Black	12	14.0%	42	21.2%	0.602	0.300−1.211	0.155
Hispanic	36	41.9%	81	40.9%	1.04	0.622−1.738	0.881
Native American	0	0.0%	3	1.5%
Asian	2	2.3%	2	1.0%	2.333	0.323−16.842	0.401
Other	0	0.0%	2	1.0%
Age (years)
< 21	0	0.0%	2	1.0%
21−30	10	11.6%	14	7.1%	1.729	0.756−4.064	0.209
31−40	12	14.0%	16	8.1%	1.845	0.832−4.088	0.132
41−50	21	24.4%	61	30.8%	0.726	0.407−1.292	0.276
51−60	22	25.6%	49	24.7%	1.045	0.584−1.871	0.881
> 60	21	24.4%	56	28.3%	0.819	0.458−1.465	0.501
Surgery type
Arthroplasty	33	38.4%	61	30.8%	1.388	0.818−2.357	0.224
Arthroscopy	17	19.8%	46	23.2%	0.809	0.433−1.511	0.506
Podiatry	13	15.1%	45	22.7%	0.621	0.316−1.222	0.168
Open reduction and internal fixation	6	7.0%	6	3.0%	2.39	0.747−7.626	0.142
Hardware removal	6	7.0%	17	8.6%	0.794	0.302−2.089	0.64
Other	10	11.6%	23	11.6%	0.995	0.452−2.193	0.991
Hand surgery	1	1.2%	1	0.5%	2.306	0.148−37.298	0.556