Table 4.
Clinical data for 813 patients treated at seven participating hospitals*
| Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 100 | 99 | 221 | 101 | 111 | 81 | 100 | ||
| Female/male | 21/79 | 15/84 | 45/176 | 25/76 | 24/87 | 21/60 | 28/72 | ||
| Patients with morbidity (%) | 9 (9.0%) | 16 (16.2%) | 40 (18.1%) | 19 (18.8%) | 22 (19.8%) | 19 (23.5%) | 38 (38.0%) | < 0.0001 | |
| Hospital mortality (%) | 1 (1.0%) | 4 (4.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.9%) | 2 (2.5%) | 4 (4.0%) | 0.06 | |
| Age in years (range) | 82.1 ± 9.7 (45–99) | 78.3 ± 11.3 (40–96) | 80.4 ± 10.3 (43–97) | 79.2 ± 11.8 (41–100) | 80.2 ± 12.5 (32–98) | 77.9 ± 13.1 (27–95) | 78.8 ± 10.9 (36–97) | 0.1 | |
| Body weight in kilograms (range) | 44.6 ± 9.2 (25–65) | 46.0 ± 10.8 (28–85) | 45.0 ± 7.4 (30–70) | 49.9 ± 17.0 (24–152) | 46.9 ± 10.3 (30–73) | 49.2 ± 19.0 (26–156) | 48.6 ± 18.7 (24–170) | 0.007 | |
| Operation time in minutes (range) | 47.3 ± 25.3 (16–145) | 73.8 ± 27.5 (28–158) | 64.3 ± 37.7 (21–310) | 63.1 ± 44.3 (15–400) | 53.6 ± 22.7 (16–157) | 70.4 ± 42.3 (22–290) | 86.3 ± 44.9 (32–331) | < 0.0001 | |
| Intraoperative blood loss in grams (range) | 67.1 ± 101.9 (5–700) | 141.2 ± 156.3 (10–900) | 127.5 ± 156.2 (10–155) | 119.1 ± 180.1 (5–1300) | 110.4 ± 122.7 (2–530) | 114.4 ± 152.9 (10–1230) | 134.0 ± 214.0 (0 −1970) | 0.02 | |
| Postoperative hospitalization in days (range) | 31.1 ± 14.5 (1–82) | 46.0 ± 41.2 (15–365) | 17.5 ± 11.7 (2–112) | 19.5 ± 9.9 (6–55) | 42.0 ± 24.6 (7–225) | 30.7 ± 24.0 (6–157) | 57.9 ± 33.4 (14–250) | < 0.0001 | |
| Cost of hospitalization in 103 US dollars (range) | 13.6 ± 4.2 (5.1–24.8) | 18.7 ± 9.2 (7.4–69.3) | 12.9 ± 7.3 (6.0–92.2) | 14.6 ± 5.6 (5.2–30.0) | 16.1 ± 6.9 (5.3–61.8) | 16.1 ± 7.9 (6.4–52.6) | 22.4 ± 13.5 (2.8–103.7) | < 0.0001 | |
| E-PASS | PRS (range) | 0.710 ± 0.194 (0.153–1.275) | 0.620 ± 0.237 (0.136–1.145) | 0.632 ± 0.192 (0.205–1.376) | 0.639 ± 0.284 (0.171–1.560) | 0.732 ± 0.346 (0.129–1.553) | 0.884 ± 0.242 (0.258–1.579) | 0.783 ± 0.282 (0.056–1.582) | < 0.0001 |
| SSS (range) | −0.289 ± 0.046 (−0.329–−0.014) | −0.250 ± 0.059 (−0.320–−0.033) | −0.261 ± 0.060 (−0.324–0.132) | −0.265 ± 0.082 (−0.330–−0.344) | −0.275 ± 0.044 (−0.329–−0.115) | −0.260 ± 0.061 (−0.320–0.037) | −0.245 ± 0.085 (−0.321–−0.445) | < 0.0001 | |
| CRS (range) | 0.054 ± 0.180 (−0.492–0.604) | 0.008 ± 0.226 (−0.508–0.576) | 0.008 ± 0.183 (−0.428–0.660) | 0.012 ± 0.280 (−0.465–0.826) | 0.089 ± 0.319 (−0.516–0.804) | 0.245 ± 0.223 (−0.368–0.891) | 0.165 ± 0.273 (−0.467–0.914) | < 0.0001 | |
*Mean ± standard deviation; E-PASS = Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress; PRS = preoperative risk score; SSS = surgical stress score; CRS = comprehensive risk score.