| Absent abdominal reflexes |
Contraction of the abdominal wall during stimulation of the skin (typically near the naval) |
Not studied |
| Babinski's sign |
Upgoing great toe sign during stroking of plantar aspect of the foot |
0-80% |
| Clonus |
A series of involuntary muscular contractions during sudden stretching of the muscle that continue for >3 or 4 beats |
Not studied |
| Crossed adductor reflex |
Contraction of the adductors of the thigh and internal rotation of the limb during tapping of the suprapatellar region or the sole of the foot |
Not studied |
| Finger escape sign |
Digits 3 and 4 will flex and abduct when the patient attempts to hold fingers in extension and adduction |
55% |
| Grip and release test |
Repetitive gripping and releasing of the hand for up to 20 attempts |
Not studied |
| Hoffmann's sign |
Thumb flexion or flexion of third and fourth digits during clicking or flicking the distal middle finger |
28–94% |
| Increased deep tendon reflexes (DTR) |
Hyper-reflexia of traditional deep tendon reflex testing |
Not studied |
| Inverted supinator sign |
Finger flexion or elbow extension during tapping of brachioradialis reflex testing |
Not studied |
| Lhermitte's sign |
Electrical sensations during active cervical flexion |
3–17% |
| Jaw jerk |
Tapping of the jaw just below the bottom lip. A positive response is exaggerated closing during tapping |
Not studied |
