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. 2008 Oct 22;3(10):e3474. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003474

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Cao et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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(a) Echocardiography demonstrates improved cardiac contractility (left ventricular fractional shortening, LVFS) following delivery of one million hESC-CMs compared to PBS injection alone at eight weeks post-transplant (P = 0.03). This was primarily due to improvement in left ventricular end systolic dimension (LVESD, middle) without significant changes in left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVEDD, right). (b) Representative M-mode echocardiographic images from a mouse receiving hESC-CM transplantation (right panels) versus a mouse receiving a control PBS injection (left panels) at 4 (top panels) and 8 weeks (bottom panels). (c) Histological evaluation of infarct fibrosis reveals attenuation of scar in a representative animal treated with hESC-CMs (right panels) as compared with a representative animal receiving PBS alone (left panels) at 8 weeks post-transplantation. Masson's Trichrome stain (top panels) produces blue connective tissue and red muscle fibers to allow easy identification of the fibrotic scar resulting from ischemia reperfusion injury. Scale bars = 10 µm.