Table 5. Association of gender with ischaemic heart disease.

	CAD		Ischaemia on ECG		Major ECG abnormalities
	Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
Women	0.82 (0.57 to 1.18)	0.97 (0.69 to 1.36)	2.29 (1.91 to 2.76)	2.43 (1.95 to 3.02)	2.57 (2.04 to 3.24)	2.78 (2.13 to 3.64)
Age (years)	1.04 (1.02 to 1.06)	1.04 (1.02 to 1.05)	1.02 (1.01 to 1.04)	1.02 (1.01 to 1.04)	1.03 (1.02 to 1.04)	1.03 (1.01 to 1.04)
Past smoker*	2.82 (1.81 to 4.41)	2.33 (1.50 to 3.61)	1.00 (0.77 to 1.30)	1.46 (1.10 to 1.95)	0.99 (0.66 to 1.48)	1.49 (0.97 to 2.28)
Metabolic syndrome†	2.03 (1.44 to 2.85)	2.05 (1.43 to 2.94)	1.73 (1.49 to 2.01)	1.57 (1.35 to 1.84)	1.54 (1.28 to 1.86)	1.37 (1.14 to 1.64)

*Past smokers defined a those who smoked ⩾100 cigarettes in their lifetime.

†Metabolic syndrome defined as the concomitant presence of at least three of the following: hypertension, high triglycerides (>1.70 mmol/l); or low HDL cholesterol (<1.04 mmol/l in men or <1.30 mmol/l in women), impaired glucose tolerance (fasting glucose ⩾6.1 mmol/l), or central obesity.