. 2007;15(2):93–102. doi: 10.1179/106698107790819945

TABLE 6.

QUADAS (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) values of the Spurling test for multiple studies.

Item	Spurling & Scoville^⁸	Uchihara et al^⁹	Shah & Rajshekhar^¹⁰	Wainner et al^¹¹	Viikari-Juntura et al^¹²	Sandmark & Nisell^¹³

1. Was the spectrum of patients representative of the patients who will receive the test in practice?	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N
2. Were selection criteria clearly described?	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y
3. Is the reference standard likely to classify the target condition correctly?	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N
4. Is the period between reference standard and index test short enough to be reasonably sure that the target condition did not change between the two tests?	U	U	N	U	Y	Y
5. Did the whole sample or random selection of the sample receive verification using a reference standard of diagnosis?	U	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
6. Did patients receive the same reference standard regardless of the index test result?	U	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
7. Was the reference standard independent of the index test (i.e., the index test did not form part of the reference standard)?	U	Y	Y	Y	Y	N
8. Was the execution of the index test described in sufficient detail to permit its replication?	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
9. Was the execution of the reference standard described in sufficient detail to permit its replication?	N	N	N	Y	N	Y
10. Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference test?	U	U	U	Y	Y	Y
11. Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index test?	U	Y	Y	U	Y	Y
12. Were the same clinical data available when test results were interpreted as would be available when the test is used in practice?	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
13. Were uninterpretable/intermediate test results reported?	N	N	N	U	N	N
14. Were withdrawals from the study explained?	N	N	N	N	N	N

Y = Yes, N = No, U = Unclear