. 2008 Aug 27;168(8):966–973. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwn191

Table 4.

Results from explorative dose-response and dose-duration analyses in a case-control study of the association between use of prescribed ephedrine/caffeine and cardiovascular morbidity, Denmark, 1995–2001^a

Exposure Level	No. of Exposed Cases	No. of Unexposed Cases	No. of Exposed Controls	No. of Unexposed Controls	Crude OR	95% CI	Adjusted OR^b	95% CI	Trend
Exposure Level	No. of Exposed Cases	No. of Unexposed Cases	No. of Exposed Controls	No. of Unexposed Controls	Crude OR	95% CI	Adjusted OR^b	95% CI	OR	95% CI
No. of days since first prescription									0.89	0.82, 0.97
0–10	13	2,034	95	19,502	1.35	0.75, 2.44	1.23	0.67, 2.27
11–19	12	2,034	90	19,502	1.35	0.73, 2.49	1.41	0.75, 2.66
20–39	26	2,034	152	19,502	1.53	0.99, 2.36	1.32	0.83, 2.10
40–79	18	2,034	175	19,502	0.95	0.56, 1.59	0.86	0.50, 1.47
80–159	22	2,034	183	19,502	1.15	0.73, 1.81	1.11	0.70, 1.77
≥160	191	2,034	2,233	19,502	0.83	0.71, 0.97	0.79	0.67, 0.93
Cumulative dose within past 90 days, no. of tablets									0.95	0.81, 1.10
0–99	19	2,034	143	19,502	1.21	0.73, 1.98	1.12	0.67, 1.87
100–199	126	2,034	1,322	19,502	0.91	0.75, 1.11	0.88	0.72, 1.07
200–299	112	2,034	1,196	19,502	0.92	0.75, 1.13	0.87	0.71, 1.07
300–399	16	2,034	173	19,502	0.91	0.54, 1.52	0.77	0.45, 1.32
≥400	9	2,034	94	19,502	0.90	0.45, 1.79	0.84	0.41, 1.69
Lifetime cumulative dose, no. of tablets									0.93	0.85, 1.01
0–99	8	2,034	60	19,502	1.30	0.62, 2.76	1.16	0.54, 2.52
100–199	46	2,034	364	19,502	1.18	0.85, 1.63	1.08	0.77, 1.51
200–399	57	2,034	559	19,502	0.98	0.74, 1.31	0.91	0.68, 1.22
400–799	56	2,034	638	19,502	0.83	0.62, 1.10	0.80	0.60, 1.06
800–1,599	65	2,034	671	19,502	0.96	0.74, 1.25	0.93	0.71, 1.22
≥1,600	50	2,034	636	19,502	0.77	0.57, 1.03	0.74	0.55, 0.99

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

The main composite endpoint was used in all analyses (see Table 2).

Adjusted for a prior diagnosis of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebral ischemia, or stroke and for ever use of antidiabetic agents, thiazides, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, medications acting on the renin-angiotensin system, inhaled anticholinergic agents, systemic beta-agonists, and statins. (See text for details.)