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. 2006 Oct;15(5):363–368. doi: 10.1136/qshc.2006.018333

Table 2 Factors associated with wrong site surgery.

Active
 Problems with marking Failure to mark
Wrong side/site marked
Both sides marked
 Problems with consent Patient consented to wrong procedure/site/side
Language difficulties
Patient consented for procedure already performed or after surgery
 Problems with preparation/positioning Preparation of wrong side/site
Preparation for wrong procedure
Patient wrongly draped
Tourniquet put on wrong side
Patient wrongly positioned
 Measurement problems/failures Measurements wrongly recorded
Wrong measurements taken
Measurements misread
 Anaesthetic problems/failures Patient anaesthetised early (before consultant has talked to patient)
Anaesthetic given from unfamiliar position resulting in wrong side
Latent
 Wrong patient Patient answers to wrong name
 Problems with theatre lists Wrong side/site/procedure typed on list
Theatre list changed at last minute
 Problems with notes Missing notes, duplicate note
Notes wrongly written up
Transcription errors
Correct patient but wrong notes
 Problems with x rays x Rays wrongly labelled
x Rays put up wrong way round
No x rays
 Work pressures Interruptions between operations
Time pressures
Loss of concentration
 Failure of communication within hospitals Failure of communication between staff/wards/theatre
Failure of communication between different departments
 Failure of communication between hospitals Patient had procedure different from that promised at original hospital
Patient seen elsewhere privately with different procedures or different equipment