TABLE 3.
Activity of DC-159a against 423 strains of gram-negative bacilli by reference (CLSI) methods
| Organism (no. of strains tested)/antimicrobial agent | MIC (μg/ml)
|
% Susceptible/% resistanta | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50% | 90% | Range | ||
| E. coli | ||||
| Wild type (20) | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.015-8 | −b/− |
| Gatifloxacin | ≤0.03 | 0.12 | ≤0.03->4 | 90.0/5.0 |
| Gemifloxacin | 0.008 | 0.06 | 0.004->2 | 90.0/10.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.03 | 0.25 | 0.015-8 | 90.0/5.0 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤0.03 | 0.25 | ≤0.03->4 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.03 | 0.12 | ≤0.03->4 | 90.0/10.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25-16 | 95.0/0.0 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Amikacin | 2 | 2 | 0.5-4 | 100.0/0.0 |
| ESBL phenotype (20)c | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.06 | >8 | 0.015->8 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | ≤0.03 | >4 | ≤0.03->4 | 70.0/20.0 |
| Gemifloxacin | ≤0.03 | >1 | ≤0.03->1 | 65.0/35.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.06 | >8 | 0.015->8 | 65.0/25.0 |
| Moxifloxacin | 0.06 | >4 | ≤0.03->4 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.25 | >2 | ≤0.25->2 | 65.0/35.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | 16 | >32 | 1->32 | 40.0/20.0 |
| Imipenem | 0.25 | 0.5 | ≤0.12-0.5 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Amikacin | 2 | 16 | 0.5-16 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Klebsiella spp. | ||||
| Wild type (20)d | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.12 | 1 | 0.03-8 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | 0.06 | 1 | ≤0.03->4 | 90.0/5.0 |
| Gemifloxacin | 0.03 | 0.5 | 0.015->2 | 85.0/10.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.06 | 1 | 0.03-8 | 90.0/5.0 |
| Moxifloxacin | 0.12 | 1 | 0.06->4 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.03 | 0.5 | ≤0.03->4 | 90.0/10.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | 32 | ≤0.25->32 | 85.0/10.0 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Amikacin | 1 | 8 | 0.5-32 | 95.0/0.0 |
| ESBL phenotype (20)e | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.5 | >8 | 0.06->8 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | 0.5 | >4 | ≤0.03->4 | 65.0/20.0 |
| Gemifloxacin | 0.25 | >1 | 0.015->1 | 55.0/40.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 1 | >8 | 0.03->8 | 65.0/30.0 |
| Moxifloxacin | 0.5 | >4 | 0.06->4 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | 1 | >2 | ≤0.015->2 | 55.0/40.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | 32 | >32 | 4->32 | 15.0/45.0 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5-1 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Amikacin | 16 | >32 | 1->32 | 65.0/25.0 |
| KPC producers (10)f | ||||
| DC-159a | >8 | >8 | 0.06->8 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | >4 | >4 | ≤0.03->4 | 20.0/80.0 |
| Gemifloxacin | >2 | >2 | 0.015->2 | 10.0/90.0 |
| Levofloxacin | >8 | >8 | 0.03->8 | 20.0/80.0 |
| Moxifloxacin | >4 | >4 | 0.06->4 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | >4 | >4 | ≤0.03->4 | 10.0/90.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | >32 | >32 | 16->32 | 0.0/80.0 |
| Imipenem | >8 | >8 | 4->8 | 10.0/60.0 |
| Amikacin | 32 | >32 | 4->32 | 30.0/30.0 |
| P. mirabilis (20)g | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.25 | >8 | 0.12->8 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | 0.5 | >4 | 0.06->4 | 75.0/20.0 |
| Gemifloxacin | 0.25 | >2 | 0.03->2 | 55.0/45.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.12 | >8 | 0.03->8 | 85.0/15.0 |
| Moxifloxacin | 1 | >4 | 0.12->4 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0.12 | >2 | ≤0.03->2 | 65.0/15.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | 32 | ≤0.25->32 | 80.0/10.0 |
| Imipenem | 1 | 2 | ≤0.5-4 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Amikacin | 4 | 4 | 2->32 | 95.0/5.0 |
| Citrobacter spp. | ||||
| Wild type (20)h | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.03-8 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | ≤0.03 | 0.5 | ≤0.03-4 | 90.0/0.0 |
| Gemifloxacin | 0.015 | 0.25 | 0.004->2 | 90.0/10.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.03 | 0.5 | 0.015-8 | 90.0/5.0 |
| Moxifloxacin | 0.06 | 1 | ≤0.03->4 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.03 | 0.5 | ≤0.03->4 | 90.0/10.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | 4 | ≤0.25-8 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.5 | 1 | ≤0.5-1 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Amikacin | 1 | 2 | 0.5-4 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Ceftazidime resistant (10)i | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.12 | 1 | 0.06-2 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | 0.5 | 4 | ≤0.03->4 | 80.0/10.0 |
| Gemifloxacin | 0.03 | 1 | 0.008-2 | 70.0/20.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.06 | 1 | 0.03-4 | 90.0/0.0 |
| Moxifloxacin | 1 | >4 | 0.06->4 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0.12 | 4 | ≤0.03->4 | 80.0/20.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | 32 | >32 | 16->32 | 0.0/20.0 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.5 | 1 | ≤0.5-4 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Amikacin | 2 | 4 | 1->32 | 90.0/10.0 |
| Enterobacter spp. | ||||
| Wild type (20)j | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.03->8 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | ≤0.03 | 0.12 | ≤0.03->4 | 95.0/5.0 |
| Gemifloxacin | 0.015 | 0.06 | 0.008->2 | 95.0/5.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.015->8 | 95.0/5.0 |
| Moxifloxacin | 0.06 | 0.25 | ≤0.03->4 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.03 | 0.06 | ≤0.03->4 | 95.0/5.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | ≤0.25->32 | 95.0/5.0 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5-1 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Amikacin | 1 | 2 | 1-16 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Ceftazidime resistant (13)k | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.5 | 8 | 0.06-8 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | 0.5 | >4 | ≤0.03->4 | 69.2/30.8 |
| Gemifloxacin | 0.12 | >2 | 0.008->2 | 76.9/23.1 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.25 | >8 | 0.03->8 | 76.9/23.1 |
| Moxifloxacin | 0.5 | >4 | 0.06->4 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0.25 | >4 | ≤0.03->4 | 61.5/30.8 |
| Ceftriaxone | >32 | >32 | 4->32 | 23.1/61.5 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.5 | 2 | ≤0.5-4 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Amikacin | 2 | 8 | 0.5->32 | 92.3/7.7 |
| Indole-positive Proteae (40)l | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.25 | 8 | 0.06->8 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | 0.12 | >4 | ≤0.03->4 | 75.0/20.0 |
| Gemifloxacin | 0.06 | >2 | 0.004->2 | 70.0/30.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.06 | 8 | 0.03->8 | 75.0/20.0 |
| Moxifloxacin | 0.25 | >4 | 0.06->4 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.03 | >4 | ≤0.03->4 | 72.5/27.5 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | 4 | ≤0.25-32 | 92.5/0.0 |
| Imipenem | 1 | 2 | ≤0.5-4 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Amikacin | 2 | 4 | 0.5-16 | 100.0/0.0 |
| S. marcescens | ||||
| Wild type (20) | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.5 | 2 | 0.12-8 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | 0.25 | 2 | 0.12->4 | 90.0/5.0 |
| Gemifloxacin | 0.12 | 1 | 0.06->2 | 75.0/20.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.12 | 1 | 0.06-4 | 90.0/0.0 |
| Moxifloxacin | 0.5 | 4 | 0.25->4 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0.06 | 1 | 0.06->4 | 90.0/10.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | 2 | ≤0.25->32 | 90.0/5.0 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.5 | 1 | ≤0.5-2 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Amikacin | 4 | 32 | 1->32 | 85.0/5.0 |
| Ceftazidime resistant (10) | ||||
| DC-159a | 2 | 8 | 0.25-8 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | 2 | >4 | 0.12->4 | 50.0/30.0 |
| Gemifloxacin | 1 | >2 | 0.03->2 | 30.0/60.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 1 | 8 | 0.12-8 | 60.0/30.0 |
| Moxifloxacin | 2 | >4 | 0.12->4 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | 1 | >4 | 0.06->4 | 50.0/50.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | 32 | >32 | 16->32 | 0.0/50.0 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.5 | 1 | ≤0.5-1 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Amikacin | 32 | >32 | 2->32 | 30.0/30.0 |
| Salmonella spp. | ||||
| Wild type (20)m | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.015-0.25 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | ≤0.03 | 0.06 | ≤0.03-0.25 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Gemifloxacin | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.004-0.12 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.015-0.25 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Moxifloxacin | 0.06 | 0.12 | ≤0.03-0.5 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03-0.25 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25-16 | 95.0/0.0 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Amikacin | 1 | 2 | 1-4 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Resistant phenotype (10)n | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.06-1 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | 0.12 | 0.5 | ≤0.03-1 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Gemifloxacin | 0.06 | 0.25 | ≤0.008-0.25 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.03-1 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Moxifloxacin | 0.25 | 1 | 0.03-2 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0.12 | 0.25 | ≤0.03-1 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | 32 | ≤0.25-32 | 70.0/0.0 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Amikacin | 2 | 2 | 1-2 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Shigella spp. (40)o | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.015-0.25 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03-0.25 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Gemifloxacin | 0.008 | 0.015 | 0.004-0.12 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.015-0.25 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤0.03 | 0.06 | ≤0.03-0.25 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03-0.25 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Amikacin | 4 | 4 | 1-8 | 100.0/0.0 |
| P. aeruginosa | ||||
| Wild type (30) | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.5 | 2 | 0.25-4 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | 0.5 | 1 | 0.12-4 | 96.7/0.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.25 | 1 | 0.12-2 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Moxifloxacin | 1 | 2 | 0.25-4 | −/− |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0.12 | 0.25 | ≤0.03-1 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Ceftazidime | 2 | 16 | ≤1->16 | 86.7/6.7 |
| Cefepime | 2 | 16 | 1->16 | 86.7/6.7 |
| Imipenem | 1 | >8 | ≤0.5->8 | 83.3/13.3 |
| Amikacin | 2 | 4 | 0.5->32 | 93.3/3.3 |
| Ciprofloxacin resistant (10) | ||||
| DC-159a | >8 | >8 | 4->8 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | >4 | >4 | 4->4 | 0.0/90.0 |
| Levofloxacin | >8 | >8 | 8->8 | 0.0/100.0 |
| Ciprofloxacin | >4 | >4 | 4->4 | 0.0/100.0 |
| Ceftazidime | 4 | >16 | 2->16 | 50.0/40.0 |
| Cefepime | 16 | >16 | 8->16 | 40.0/20.0 |
| Imipenem | 2 | >8 | ≤0.5->8 | 50.0/40.0 |
| Amikacin | 8 | >32 | 2->32 | 60.0/40.0 |
| Acinetobacter spp. | ||||
| Wild type (30)p | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.015-1 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | ≤0.03 | 0.12 | ≤0.03-0.5 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.03-0.5 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.06-0.5 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Ceftazidime | 4 | 16 | ≤1->16 | 76.7/10.0 |
| Cefepime | 2 | 16 | 0.25->16 | 86.7/6.7 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5-4 | 100.0/0.0 |
| Amikacin | 2 | 8 | ≤0.25->32 | 93.3/6.7 |
| Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistant (10)q | ||||
| DC-159a | 8 | >8 | 4->8 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | >4 | >4 | 4->4 | 0.0/90.0 |
| Levofloxacin | >8 | >8 | 8->8 | 0.0/100.0 |
| Ceftazidime | >16 | >16 | 8->16 | 10.0/80.0 |
| Cefepime | 16 | >16 | 16->16 | 0.0/50.0 |
| Imipenem | 1 | >8 | ≤0.5->8 | 80.0/20.0 |
| Amikacin | 16 | >32 | 4->32 | 50.0/40.0 |
| S. maltophilia (30) | ||||
| DC-159a | 0.12 | 0.5 | 0.03-4 | −/− |
| Gatifloxacin | 0.5 | 2 | 0.12->4 | 90.0/6.7 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.5 | 2 | 0.06->8 | 93.3/6.7 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 1 | 4 | 0.25->4 | 53.3/16.7 |
| Ceftazidime | 8 | >16 | ≤1->16 | 50.0/43.3 |
| Cefepime | >16 | >16 | 4->16 | 20.0/56.7 |
| Amikacin | >32 | >32 | 4->32 | 6.7/86.7 |
Criteria published by the CLSI (4).
−, no breakpoint criteria have been established for this category or agent.
Includes strains harboring TEM-1, TEM-3, TEM-4, TEM-5, TEM-6, TEM-7, TEM-8, SHV-5, CTX-M2, CMY-2 (8 strains), or FOX-5 (3 strains).
Includes Klebsiella oxytoca (5 strains) and K. pneumoniae (15 strains).
Includes Klebsiella pneumoniae (20 strains) with mobile AmpC enzymes (9 strains), CTX-M2 (4 strains), SHV-5 (5 strains), SHV-7, and ESBL NOS.
Includes Klebsiella pneumoniae (10 strains) harboring KPC NOS (4 strains), KPC-2 (5 strains), or KPC-3 (11 strains).
CTX-M phenotypes (two strains).
Includes Citrobacter braakii (1 strain), C. farmeri (1 strain), C. freundii (11 strains), and C. koseri (7 strains).
Includes Citrobacter freundii (nine strains), and Citrobacter species (one strain).
Includes Enterobacter aerogenes (4 strains) and E. cloacae (16 strains).
Includes Enterobacter aerogenes (1 strain), E. cloacae (10 strains), E. gergoviae (1 strain), and Enterobacter species (1 strain).
Includes Morganella morganii (10 strains), Proteus vulgaris (11 strains), Providencia rettgeri (9 strains), and Providencia stuartii (10 strains).
Includes Salmonella group B (three strains), Salmonella group C (two strains), Salmonella group D (two strains), Salmonella species (eight strains), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (two strains), and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (three strains).
Resistance to ampicillin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Includes S. enterica serovar Enteritidis (one strain), Salmonella group B (one strain), Salmonella group C (one strain), S. enterica serovar Hadar (one strain), S. enterica serovar Heidelberg (one strain), S. enterica serovar Typhi (one strain), S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (three strains), and S. enterica serovar Virchow (one strain).
Includes Shigella boydii (4 strains), S. dysenteriae (3 strains), S. flexneri (14 strains), S. sonnei (16 strains), and Shigella species (3 strains).
Includes Acinetobacter anitratus (1 strain), A. baumannii (14 strains), A. calcoaceticus (3 strains), A. junii (2 strains), A. lwoffii (8 strains), and Acinetobacter species (2 strains).
Includes Acinetobacter baumannii (nine strains) and A. lwoffii (one strain).