Native PAGE analysis of formate dehydrogenase mutants. Extracts from S. meliloti strains were grown in LB medium supplemented with 60 mM sodium formate. Gels were stained for dehydrogenase activity in the presence of formate and NAD+. Lane 1, Rm1021; lane 2, SRmA330 (fdoG::pKnock-Gm); lane 3, SRmA402 (sma0478::pKan); lane 4, SRmA411 (fdsA::pKnock-Tc). a, fdoG-dependent activity bands; b, fdsA-dependent activity bands. Equal amounts of protein were loaded in all lanes.