Table 5 Fixed and random part coefficient estimates from the multilevel logistic models (outcome of fair/poor health).
| Model 1 | Model 2A | Model 2B | Model 2C | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed parameters | |||||||
| Constant | −3.398 | −3.394 | −3.397 | −3.397 | −3.382 | −2.840 | −3.401 |
| Individual level independent variables | |||||||
| Sociodemographic | |||||||
| Age (centred around 45) | 0.023 (0.001)* | 0.023 (0.001)* | 0.023 (0.001)* | 0.023 (0.001)* | 0.023 (0.001)* | 0.027 (0.002)* | 0.023 (0.001)* |
| Female | −0.011 (0.043)* | −0.011 (0.043) | −0.012 (0.043) | −0.010 (0.043) | −0.010 (0.043) | 0.018 (0.043) | −0.009 (0.043) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| Black | 0.256 (0.061)* | 0.249 (0.060)* | 0.256 (0.061)* | 0.248 (0.060)* | 0.248 (0.060)* | 0.048 (0.062) | 0.296 (0.063)* |
| Asian | 0.333 (0.148)* | 0.299 (0.148)* | 0.330 (0.149)* | 0.304 (0.148)* | 0.326 (0.149)* | 0.225 (0.149) | 0.267 (0.226) |
| Native | 0.614 (0.153)* | 0.611 (0.152)* | 0.614 (0.152)* | 0.610 (0.152)* | 0.608 (0.152)* | 0.434 (0.167)* | 0.593 (0.164)* |
| Other | 0.399 (0.081)* | 0.376 (0.081)* | 0.397 (0.081)* | 0.375 (0.081)* | 0.381 (0.081)* | 0.219 (0.085)* | 0.486 (0.088)* |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Single | 0.220 (0.060)* | 0.217 (0.060)* | 0.218 (0.060)* | 0.222 (0.060)* | 0.225 (0.060)* | 0.199 (0.060)* | 0.218 (0.060)* |
| Widowed | −0.021 (0.074) | −0.017 (0.074) | −0.021 (0.074) | −0.016 (0.074) | −0.016 (0.074) | −0.024 (0.074) | −0.013 (0.074) |
| Divorced | 0.167 (0.062)* | 0.163 (0.062)* | 0.166 (0.062)* | 0.166 (0.062)* | 0.166 (0.062)* | 0.123 (0.062) | 0.160 (0.062)* |
| Separated | 0.547 (0.102)* | 0.533 (0.102)* | 0.546 (0.102)* | 0.534 (0.102)* | 0.534 (0.101)* | 0.476 (0.102)* | 0.533 (0.102)* |
| Socioeconomic | |||||||
| Educational attainment | |||||||
| ⩾High school | 0.879 (0.059)* | 0.874 (0.059)* | 0.880 (0.059)* | 0.868 (0.059)* | 0.867 (0.059)* | 0.737 (0.061)* | 0.866 (0.059)* |
| Some college | 0.506 (0.060)* | 0.504 (0.060)* | 0.507 (0.060)* | 0.501 (0.060)* | 0.501 (0.060)* | 0.418 (0.061)* | 0.498 (0.060)* |
| Annual household income ($) | |||||||
| <20000 | 1.370 (0.109)* | 1.378 (0.109)* | 1.371 (0.109)* | 1.379 (0.109)* | 1.377 (0.109)* | 1.277 (0.110)* | 1.385 (0.109)* |
| 20000–29999 | 0.833 (0.111)* | 0.839 (0.111)* | 0.833 (0.111)* | 0.841 (0.111)* | 0.841 (0.111)* | 0.755 (0.111)* | 0.850 (0.111)* |
| 30000–49999 | 0.494 (0.107)* | 0.501 (0.107)* | 0.494 (0.107)* | 0.501 (0.107)* | 0.499 (0.107)* | 0.447 (0.107)* | 0.510 (0.107)* |
| 50000–74999 | 0.233 (0.113)* | 0.240 (0.112)* | 0.234 (0.113)* | 0.239 (0.112)* | 0.237 (0.112)* | 0.208 (0.113) | 0.245 (0.112)* |
| 75000–99999 | 0.212 (0.127) | 0.213 (0.127) | 0.213 (0.127) | 0.213 (0.127) | 0.211 (0.127) | 0.187 (0.128) | 0.217 (0.127) |
| Unspecified/missing | 0.688 (0.110)* | 0.695 (0.110)* | 0.688 (0.110)* | 0.694 (0.110)* | 0.691 (0.110)* | 0.605 (0.111)* | 0.700 (0.110)* |
| Social capital | |||||||
| Formal bonding | |||||||
| High | −0.267 (0.073)* | ||||||
| Missing | 0.039 (0.055) | ||||||
| Trust own race/ethnicity | |||||||
| High | −0.128 (0.054)* | ||||||
| Missing | 0.020 (0.074) | ||||||
| Formal bridging | |||||||
| High | 0.065 (0.103) | ||||||
| Missing | 0.000 (0.000) | ||||||
| Informal bridging | |||||||
| High | −0.009 (0.044) | ||||||
| Missing | −0.170 (0.172) | ||||||
| Social trust | |||||||
| High | −0.615 (0.048)* | ||||||
| Community level independent variables | |||||||
| Bonding social capital | −0.127 (0.032)* | −0.151 (0.035)* | −0.139 (0.036)* | −0.101 (0.036)* | −0.196 (0.039)* | ||
| Bridging social capital | 0.021 (0.041) | −0.053 (0.039) | −0.051 (0.039) | −0.043 (0.039) | −0.070 (0.043) | ||
| % Income<$20000† | 0.014 (0.007) | 0.004 (0.006)* | 0.015 (0.008) | −0.001 (0.007) | 0.000 (0.007) | 0.001 (0.007) | 0.000 (0.007) |
| Mean age | −0.003 (0.013) | 0.031 (0.013)* | 0.002 (0.016) | 0.025 (0.014) | 0.023 (0.001) | 0.028 (0.014) | 0.022 (0.014) |
| State community | 0.020 (0.082) | 0.028 (0.062) | 0.013 (0.083) | 0.048 (0.062) | 0.032 (0.063) | 0.050 (0.063) | 0.049 (0.062) |
| Interaction | |||||||
| Bonding social capital × bridging social capital | 0.027 (0.018) | ||||||
| Bonding social capital × Black race | 0.296 (0.107)* | ||||||
| Bonding social capital × Asian race | −0.190 (0.224) | ||||||
| Bonding social capital × Native race | −0.020 (0.216) | ||||||
| Bonding social capital × Other race | 0.248 (0.101)* | ||||||
| Bridging social capital × Black race | 0.153 (0.096) | ||||||
| Bridging social capital × Asian race | −0.179 (0.226) | ||||||
| Bridging social capital × Native race | −0.044 (0.241) | ||||||
| Bridging social capital × Other race | −0.035 (0.110) | ||||||
| Random parameters | |||||||
| Level 2, between communities (σ2μ0) | 0.010 (0.006) | 0.001 (0.004) | 0.009 (0.006) | 0.000 (0.003) | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.000 (0.000) |
Coefficient estimates from models 5, 7, and 8 are not shown. Figures in parentheses are the estimated standard errors. All models were based on 24835 persons at level 1 nested within 40 communities at level 2. *Significant at a level of 0.05. †% Education⩽high school (among those age⩾25) was also entered into model 2C in lieu of the variable % Income<$20000, with similar coefficient estimates being observed for community bonding and community bridging social capital (data not shown).