Fig. 2.

Effect of glucose deprivation (GD), oxygen deprivation (OD) and oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) on astrocyte cell death. Astrocytes maintained at 20% O₂ were incubated for 4 h under 20% O₂ in ISS medium with no glucose (GD), under anaerobic conditions in deoxygenated ISS plus 10 mM glucose (OD), or in deoxygenated ISS with no glucose (OGD). The percentage of cells that died was determined after the initial 4 h exposure and at 24 and 48 h of subsequent culture under 20% O₂ in serum-free normal medium containing glucose. Results are expressed as means ± SEM from n = 4–7 different cell culture preparations. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Student Newman-Keuls post-hoc test. **P < 0.001