Table 3.
Taphonomic modifications observed on the Vanguard Cave fossil assemblages
| Modification | Total | % |
|---|---|---|
| Human-induced | ||
| Cut marks | 158 | 22.4 |
| Percussion marks | 26 | 3.7 |
| Flake | 17 | 2.4 |
| Conchoidal scar | 6 | 0.9 |
| Peeling | 17 | 2.4 |
| Adhered flake | 6 | 0.6 |
| Burnt | 233 | 33.1 |
| Carnivore-induced | ||
| Tooth marks | 25 | 3.5 |
| Digestion | 1 | 0.1 |
| Bone licking | 1 | 0.1 |
| Postdepositional | ||
| Trampling | 23 | 3.3 |
| Weathering | 14 | 2.0 |
| Polishing | 1 | 0.1 |
| Root marks | 31 | 4.4 |
| Soil corrosion | 3 | 0.4 |
Modifications have been grouped as human-induced damage, carnivore damage, and postdepositional damage. Percentages are based on the 704 fossil bones (NISP) represented in this sample (149 sea shells excluded).