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. 2008 Jul 7;155(3):291–299. doi: 10.1038/bjp.2008.284

Table 1.

Ultra long-acting β-agonists under development

	Pros	Latest developments	Company working on this strategy
Indacaterol	It offers a quick onset of action and true 24-h control. It behaves as a potent β₂-AR^a agonist with high intrinsic efficacy that, in contrast to salmeterol, does not antagonize the bronchorelaxant effect of a short-acting β₂-AR^a agonist	Phase III	Novartis
Carmoterol	It displays a fast onset and long duration (30 h) of activity	Phase III	Chiesi
GSK159797	It produces clinically significant increases in FEV₁^b through 24 h, with little change in heart rate	Phase IIb	Theravance/GlaxoSmithKline
GSK642444	Apparently, it presents a potentially greater therapeutic index than GSK159797	Phase IIa	Theravance/GlaxoSmithKline

^a

β₂-AR, β₂-adrenoceptor.

^b

FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 s.