Confirmation of microarray data by real-time PCR. Total RNA from DCs and macrophages was assayed for gene expression at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after M. tuberculosis infection by real-time PCR. The following genes were examined: IL-12p40, IL-23p19, and IL-6 in infected macrophages and DCs (A), IFN-β, NOS2, TNF, and IL-10 in infected macrophages and DCs (B), CCL1, CCL2, CCL17, CCL5, and CXCL10 in infected macrophages and DCs (C), and IL-12p40, IL-23p19, IL-6, TNF, NOS2, IL-10, and CCL17 in DCs cultured in vitro for 6 h in the presence of M. tuberculosis infection (D). Gene expression was normalized to β-actin, and the fold-change was calculated with respect to gene expression in pooled, uninfected macrophages (universal calibrator). Data are from three individual experiments and are expressed as the mean ± sd. The presence of significant differences in gene expression between DCs and macrophages was calculated by a two-way ANOVA. *, **, ***, P < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively. In panels A, B, and C, open bars represent macrophage and closed bars represent DC. In panel D, open bars represent uninfected culture and closed bars represent infected culture.