Table 3.

U-Cd (μg/g creatinine)-adjusted ORs for osteoporosis by outcome measure (data source), women ≥ 50 years of age.

	Osteoporosis				Satterwaithe p-value
	Yes	No	OR	95% CI
Hip BMD (NHANES III, 1988–1994)a
Overall U-Cd	579	2,247	1.15b	1.00–1.33	0.05
≤0.50 μg/g	110	643	1.00
0.50–1.0 μg/g	228	839	1.43	1.02–2.00	0.04
>1.0 μg/g	241	765	1.40	0.97–2.03	0.07
Respondent-reported physician-diagnosed osteoporosis (NHANES 1999–2004)c
Overall U-Cd	184	741	1.65b	1.07–2.54	0.02
≤0.50 μg/g	82	386	1.00
0.50–1.0 μg/g	69	250	1.46	0.84–2.55	0.18
>1.0 μg/g	33	105	1.47	0.81–2.66	0.20

^aAdjusted for age, race, income, ever-smoker, and underweight.

^bOR for overall U-Cd interpreted per 1-μg/g creatinine increment.

^cAdjusted for age, race, income, ever-smoker, underweight, and survey-respondent–reported physician diagnosis of renal impairment.