Table 1.
Plasma concentrations of PFOS and PFOA by characteristics of study subjects.
| Characteristica | No. (%) (n = 1,400) | PFOS (ng/mL) (mean ± SD) | PFOA (ng/mL) (mean ± SD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age at delivery (years) | |||
| < 25 | 118 (8.4) | 38.6 ± 12.0 | 6.2 ± 2.1 |
| 25–29 | 547 (39.1) | 36.8 ± 12.8 | 6.0 ± 2.8 |
| 30–34 | 504 (36.0) | 33.9 ± 13.2 | 5.2 ± 2.2 |
| ≥ 35 | 230 (16.4) | 33.0 ± 12.7 | 5.1 ± 2.4 |
| Maternal education | |||
| Lower | 108 (8.0) | 36.5 ± 13.3 | 5.6 ± 2.8 |
| Middle | 375 (27.8) | 38.4 ± 13.0 | 5.7 ± 2.4 |
| Higher | 866 (64.2) | 33.9 ± 12.7 | 5.5 ± 2.3 |
| Maternal occupation | |||
| Manager/professional | 227 (16.2) | 31.7 ± 12.0 | 5.3 ± 2.4 |
| Technician | 355 (25.4) | 35.6 ± 12.8 | 5.7 ± 2.3 |
| Service/sales worker | 478 (34.2) | 36.8 ± 12.8 | 5.7 ± 2.8 |
| Industrial worker | 93 (6.6) | 39.2 ± 13.7 | 6.4 ± 2.6 |
| Student | 118 (8.4) | 34.1 ± 14.6 | 5.7 ± 2.4 |
| Unemployed | 128 (9.2) | 33.3 ± 12.1 | 4.7 ± 2.2 |
| Parity | |||
| 0 | 625 (44.7) | 37.67 ± 13.04 | 6.65 ± 2.67 |
| 1 | 508 (36.3) | 33.25 ± 12.73 | 4.75 ± 1.94 |
| ≥ 2 | 266 (19.0) | 33.47 ± 12.47 | 4.65 ± 2.24 |
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | |||
| < 18.5 | 58 (4.2) | 33.1 ± 14.3 | 5.2 ± 2.2 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 905 (66.2) | 34.6 ± 12.9 | 5.5 ± 2.6 |
| 25.0–29.9 | 299 (21.9) | 36.3 ± 12.0 | 5.6 ± 2.3 |
| ≥ 30.0 | 105 (7.7) | 39.3 ± 14.4 | 6.1 ± 2.7 |
| Smoking during pregnancy | |||
| Nonsmoker | 1,052 (75.1) | 35.7 ± 13.3 | 5.6 ± 2.6 |
| Quit smoking | 131 (9.4) | 33.9 ± 11.6 | 5.8 ± 2.2 |
| 1–9 cigarettes/day | 109 (7.8) | 35.5 ± 12.7 | 5.8 ± 2.6 |
| ≥ 10 cigarettes/day | 108 (7.7) | 32.5 ± 11.9 | 4.9 ± 1.9 |
| Alcohol consumption during pregnancy | |||
| Nondrinker | 771 (55.79) | 35.4 ± 13.1 | 5.6 ± 2.3 |
| 0.5 drinks/week | 217 (15.70) | 36.2 ± 12.5 | 5.8 ± 2.5 |
| 1–1.5 drinks/week | 226 (16.35) | 35.2 ± 13.1 | 5.6 ± 3.3 |
| ≥ 2 drinks/week | 168 (12.16) | 33.4 ± 12.7 | 5.3 ± 2.4 |
| House density | |||
| < 1 room/person | 350 (25.0) | 31.9 ± 12.2 | 5.2 ± 2.3 |
| 1 room/person | 426 (30.5) | 36.4 ± 13.4 | 5.6 ± 2.3 |
| 1–1.5 rooms/person | 354 (25.3) | 36.0 ± 13.5 | 5.6 ± 2.5 |
| ≥ 1.5 rooms/person | 269 (19.2) | 36.9 ± 12.0 | 6.0 ± 3.1 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 690 (49.3) | 35.3 ± 13.0 | 5.5 ± 2.4 |
| Male | 710 (50.7) | 35.2 ± 12.9 | 5.6 ± 2.7 |
| Breast-feeding at child’s age 6 months | |||
| Yes | 501 (35.8) | 34.0 ± 13.1 | 5.4 ± 2.6 |
| No | 898 (64.2) | 37.5 ± 12.8 | 6.0 ± 2.3 |
| How many hours together with mother per day | |||
| ≤1 hr/day | 287 (20.5) | 35.5 ± 13.5 | 5.6 ± 2.2 |
| 1–4 hr/day | 190 (13.6) | 37.0 ± 12.2 | 6.0 ± 2.4 |
| 4–5 hr/day | 281 (20.1) | 35.4 ± 13.7 | 5.6 ± 2.7 |
| 5–7 hr/day | 349 (24.9) | 35.0 ± 12.8 | 5.6 ± 2.9 |
| ≥ 8 hr/day | 292 (20.9) | 34.0 ± 12.5 | 5.2 ± 2.4 |
| Out-of-home child care | |||
| Yes | 1,229 (87.8) | 35.5 ± 13.0 | 5.7 ± 2.3 |
| No | 170 (12.2) | 33.7 ± 12.6 | 5.0 ± 2.6 |
a
Missing data: maternal age (1), maternal education (50), prepregnancy BMI (33), alcohol consumption during pregnancy (18).