Table 4.
Adjusted associations between indicators of exposure to air pollution and pulmonary physiologic measures [β (95% CI)].a
| Exposure metric | Percent predicted FEV1 | Percent predicted FVC | Ln(eNO) (× 103) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pollutant | |||
| NO2 (ppb) | 0.03 (−0.14 to 0.21) | 0.10 (−0.09 to 0.28) | 3.9 (−10.8 to 18.7) |
| SO2 (ppb) | −1.09 (−3.32 to 1.14) | −0.31 (−1.43 to 0.81) | 0.6 (−54.6 to 54.8) |
| Coarse PM (μg/m3) | 0.04 (−0.65 to 0.73) | 0.17 (−1.25 to 1.60) | 0.02 (−0.03 to 0.08) |
| PM2.5 (μg/m3) | −0.21 (−1.84 to 1.41) | −0.74 (−2.47 to 0.98) | 38.7 (−1.07 to 78.4)* |
| Black smoke (10−5/m) | −1.46 (−17.38 to 14.43) | 3.29 (−2.13 to 8.72) | 200.6 (−222.3 to 623.4) |
| Roadways (km) | |||
| Distance to bridge | 0.006 (−0.13 to 0.14) | −0.02 (−0.16 to 0.13) | −3.2 (−14.9 to 0.86) |
| Length of local roadways within 200 m of the home | −0.15 (−1.27 to 0.96) | −0.70 (−1.88 to 0.48) | 65.6 (1.5 to 129.8)** |
| Length of all roadways within 200 m of the home | −0.01 (−1.08 to 1.05) | −0.47 (1.60 to 0.66) | 96.4b (34.2 to 158.7)# |
a
For FEV1 and FVC, n = 2,328; for eNO, n = 1,613.
b
This is equivalent to a 10.1% (95% CI, 3.5 to 17.2) increase in eNO for a 1-km increase in roadways.
*
p < 0.10.
**
p < 0.05.
#
p < 0.01.