Table 1.
Subject characteristics and bivariate associations with asthma onset.
| Risk factor | No. (%)a | Hazard ratio (95% CI)b |
|---|---|---|
| Subject characteristics | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Hispanic ethnicity | 66 (32) | 2.15 (1.00–4.58) |
| African-American | 3 (1.5) | NAc |
| Asian | 14 (6.8) | 1.05 (0.20–5.61) |
| White non-Hispanicd | 120 (59) | 1.00 |
| Mixed/other race | 14 (6.5) | 0.42 (0.04–4.57) |
| BMIe | ||
| Below 10th percentile | 27 (12) | 0.54 (0.14–2.08) |
| 10th–90th percentiled | 177 (82) | 1.00 |
| 90th percentile | 13 (6.0) | 2.46 (0.77–7.83) |
| Male sex | 86 (40) | 0.89 (0.42–1.88) |
| Hay feverf | 27 (13) | 1.16 (0.40–3.35) |
| Ever wheeze | 52 (26) | 0.99 (0.40–2.46) |
| Medical care and SEP | ||
| Medical insurance coverage | 187 (87) | 2.44 (0.57–10.49) |
| Parental educationg | ||
| High school or less | 69 (33) | 1.19 (0.51–2.73) |
| Some colleged | 87 (41) | 1.00 |
| College or greater | 54 (26) | 0.93 (0.35–2.45) |
| Home characteristics | ||
| Mildew in home | 59 (29) | 0.59 (0.23–1.51) |
| Carpet in child’s bedroom | 183 (95) | 0.76 (0.30–1.91) |
| Plants in home | 72 (34) | 1.12 (0.52–2.41) |
| Pets at home | 181 (83) | 0.80 (0.32–2.02) |
| Gas stove in home | 168 (79) | 1.52 (0.54–4.27) |
| Current daily smoker in home | 29 (13) | 0.24 (0.03–1.65) |
| Family history | ||
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | 24 (13) | 0.95 (0.29–3.07) |
| Parental history of asthmah | 35 (17) | 1.31 (0.51–3.35) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable.
Total subject number = 217; subject numbers in the table vary because of missing covariate values.
Crude estimates with baseline strata for age and sex and community random effects, except model for male sex.
Could not derive hazard ratio because of small counts in this stratum.
Reference group, total subject number = 217; subject numbers in the table vary because of missing covariate values.
Age- and sex-adjusted body mass index.
Symptoms in the preceding 12 months.
Categories for parental educational attainment were less than 12th grade or completion of high school, some college or technical school, and completed 4 years of college or some graduate training after college.
Medical diagnosis of asthma in either biologic parent.