Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants
| Characteristic | n = 27 |
|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD | 74.3 ± 5.3 |
| Gender, n | |
| Male | 13 |
| Female | 14 |
| Ethnicity, n | |
| White | 24 |
| African American | 1 |
| Asian | 2 |
| Education, n | |
| High School Graduate | 5 |
| Technical School | 4 |
| Some College | 4 |
| College | 8 |
| Master’s or greater | 6 |
| Religion, n | |
| Catholic | 15 |
| Jewish | 9 |
| Protestant | 1 |
| Other | 2 |
| Income, na | |
| $10,000–$29,999 | 10 |
| $30,000–$59,999 | 9 |
| $60,000 or greater | 3 |
| Marital status, n | |
| Single | 3 |
| Married | 15 |
| Separated/divorced | 3 |
| Widowed | 6 |
| Low back pain cause, n | |
| Osteoarthritis | 23 |
| Spinal stenosis | 6 |
| Fibromyalgia | 1 |
| Not sure | 4 |
| Medications, n | |
| Opioids | 5 |
| Other analgesics | 21 |
| None | 3 |
a
Not all participants chose to disclose their income