Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) According to Measurement of Ejection Fraction (EF)
| Characteristic | % of study sample with characteristic | % with EF not measured (n=5,595) | P-value | % with EF not measured in 2001/2003 (n=655) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | n | % | n | % | |||
| Age (yrs) | |||||||
| < 55 | 16.1 | 2,049 | 41.3 | <.001 | 340 | 17.9 | <.001 |
| 55-64 | 19.9 | 2,532 | 43.1 | 395 | 22.5 | ||
| 65-74 | 26.5 | 3,372 | 42.1 | 508 | 25.0 | ||
| 75-84 | 25.5 | 3,239 | 43.4 | 704 | 28.1 | ||
| ≥ 85 | 12.0 | 1,532 | 53.0 | 449 | 40.1 | ||
| Sex | |||||||
| Men | 58.8 | 7,510 | 43.0 | <0.01 | 1,347 | 25.2 | <0.01 |
| Women | 41.1 | 5,250 | 45.1 | 1,049 | 30.0 | ||
| DNR/DNI code status | |||||||
| Present (+) * | 21.4 | 1,474 | 44.0 | <0.001 | 581 | 40.4 | <0.01 |
| Absent (-) | 78.6 | 5,397 | 24.0 | 1,679 | 22.2 | ||
| Insurance Status | |||||||
| Private | 4.1 | 384 | 29.2 | 31 | 16.1 | ||
| Medicare | 50.5 | 4,688 | 34.2 | <0.001 | 889 | 29.9 | 0.08 |
| Medicaid | 2.9 | 264 | 29.2 | 70 | 17.1 | ||
| HMO | 27.6 | 2,565 | 28.6 | 1,103 | 26.8 | ||
| Medical history | |||||||
| Angina | |||||||
| Present (+) | 25.6 | 3,271 | 47.2 | <0.001 | 537 | 33.9 | <0.001 |
| Absent (-) | 74.4 | 9,487 | 42.7 | 1,859 | 25.4 | ||
| Diabetes | |||||||
| Present (+) | 27.6 | 3,515 | 41.8 | <0.01 | 785 | 30.1 | <0.05 |
| Absent (-) | 72.4 | 9,243 | 44.6 | 1,611 | 26.0 | ||
| Heart failure | |||||||
| Present (+) | 18.4 | 2,351 | 50.7 | <0.001 | 575 | 42.1 | <0.001 |
| Absent (-) | 81.6 | 10,407 | 42.3 | 1,821 | 22.7 | ||
| Hypertension | |||||||
| Present (+) | 56.2 | 7,175 | 40.3 | 1,697 | 29.2 | <0.01 | |
| Absent (-) | 43.8 | 5,583 | 48.4 | <0.001 | 699 | 22.9 | |
| Stroke | |||||||
| Present (+) | 9.6 | 1,224 | 42.0 | 292 | 30.1 | 0.25 | |
| Absent (-) | 90.4 | 11,534 | 44.0 | 0.17 | 2,104 | 26.9 | |
| COPD ∞ | |||||||
| Present (+) | 17.4 | 779 | 31.6 | <0.05 | 460 | 30.6 | 0.08 |
| Absent (-) | 82.6 | 3,701 | 28.2 | 1,936 | 26.6 | ||
| AMI Characteristics (%) | |||||||
| Initial | 65.1 | 8,308 | 41.6 | <0.001 | 1,553 | 22.8 | <0.001 |
| Prior | 34.9 | 4,452 | 48.1 | 843 | 35.7 | ||
| Q wave | 42.3 | 5,403 | 46.1 | <0.001 | 493 | 15.6 | <0.001 |
| Non Q wave | 57.7 | 7,357 | 42.2 | 1,903 | 30.4 | ||
| Clinical Complications (%) | |||||||
| Atrial fibrillation | |||||||
| Present (+) | 16.8 | 2,140 | 38.5 | <0.001 | 517 | 24.2 | 0.07 |
| Absent (-) | 83.2 | 10,620 | 44.9 | 1,879 | 28.2 | ||
| Cardiogenic shock | |||||||
| Present (+) | 6.7 | 855 | 46.8 | 0.07 | 123 | 16.3 | <0.01 |
| Absent (-) | 93.3 | 11,905 | 43.6 | 2,273 | 27.9 | ||
| Heart failure | |||||||
| Present (+) | 39.7 | 5,059 | 40.4 | <0.001 | 941 | 25.7 | 0.15 |
| Absent (-) | 60.4 | 7,701 | 46.1 | 1,455 | 28.4 | ||
| Death | |||||||
| Present (+) | 85.4 | 1,861 | 66.5 | 248 | 45.6 | <0.001 | |
| Absent (-) | 14.6 | 10,899 | 40.0 | <0.001 | 2,148 | 25.2 | |
| Medications | |||||||
| ACE inhibitors† | |||||||
| Administered (+) | 44.4 | 3,048 | 21.1 | <0.001 | 1,517 | 20.2 | <0.001 |
| Not Administered (-) | 55.6 | 4,450 | 36.8 | 879 | 39.6 | ||
| Aspirin | |||||||
| Administered (+) | 62.7 | 8,003 | 30.6 | <0.001 | 2,158 | 25.4 | <0.001 |
| Not Administered (-) | 37.3 | 4,757 | 66.1 | 238 | 45.4 | ||
| Beta blockers | |||||||
| Administered (+) | 59.6 | 7,600 | 30.8 | <0.001 | 2,097 | 24.9 | <0.001 |
| Not Administered (-) | 40.4 | 5,160 | 63.0 | 299 | 44.8 | ||
| Thrombolytics† | |||||||
| Administered (+) | 17.5 | 1,650 | 23.0 | <0.001 | 169 | 20.1 | <0.05 |
| Not Administered (-) | 82.5 | 7,768 | 33.6 | 2,223 | 27.9 | ||
| Procedures | |||||||
| Cardiac catheterization | |||||||
| Present (+) | 28.6 | 3,645 | 14.5 | <0.001 | 1,268 | 14.0 | <0.001 |
| Absent (-) | 71.4 | 9,105 | 55.6 | 1,128 | 42.4 | ||
| Percutaneous coronary intervention† | |||||||
| Present (+) | 17.0 | 1,596 | 19.4 | <0.001 | 849 | 17.9 | <0.001 |
| Absent (-) | 83.0 | 7,813 | 34.4 | 1,547 | 32.5 | ||
| Coronary artery bypass surgery | |||||||
| Present (+) | 3.5 | 442 | 7.7 | <0.001 | 167 | 2.4 | <0.001 |
| Absent (-) | 96.5 | 12,302 | 45.2 | 2,229 | 29.2 | ||
*
data on code status collected since 1991
†
data on the use of ACE inhibitors collected since 1990
†
data collected since 1986
∞
data collected since 1997