TABLE 8.
Animal models of otitis media
| Route of infection | Animal(s) | Pneumococcal serotype(s) | Aim(s) of study | Readouts | Utility | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intratympanic | Chinchilla | 23 | Model description, antibody response | Exudation in ME, antibody titers, CFU | Disease pathogenesis, host response, vaccine and drug studies | 89 |
| Intrabullar | Mongolian gerbil, chinchilla | 3 | Model description | Otoscopy, IEa histology, CFU | Antibiotic efficacy and kinetics, vaccine and virulence studies | 81 |
| Intratympanic | Guinea pig | 23F | Model description | CFU in ME fluid, ME histology | Drug efficacy studies, disease pathogenesis | 239 |
| Intrabullar | Sprague-Dawley rat | 3, 6A | Model description | Survival, CFU in ME and blood | Evaluation of drugs and vaccines | 101 |
| i.n. | Rivm:WU (CBP) rat | 14 | Model description, vaccine study | ME histology, TEMb, antibody titers | Immunization and correlates of protection in a natural-route model | 248 |
| Intrabullar | BALB/c, C57BL/6 mice | 3, 6, 9, 19 | Model description | CFU in blood and ear, survival, otomicroscopy | Host inflammatory response, drug and vaccine studies | 164 |
| i.n. | BALB/c mice | 19F | Prevention of otitis media by phage lysin | Bacterial multiplication in vivo | Otitis media in children, vaccine studies | 162 |
a
IE, inner ear.
b
TEM, transmission electron microscopy.