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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Oct 20.
Published in final edited form as: Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2006 Dec 15;157(1):45–54. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2006.12.003

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Composition and function of NADPH oxidase (Nox). A heme-containing Nox-homolog plus p22phox form a cytochrome b558 which in the phagocytic enzyme is embedded in plasma membrane. Cytosolic components [p67phox, p47phox, p40phox, plus a GTPase (Rac 1 or 2)] transmigrate in a protein kinase-dependent process to form the functional enzyme. The cofactor, NADPH, is formed in the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) pathway of glucose metabolism. Superoxide anion, O2−, is converted to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Inset indicates various superoxide-generating Nox homologs (Nox 1-5) which may be associated with membranes, organelles or cytoskeletal components. Duox1 and Duox2 function as hydrogen ion transporters.