Table 1. Demographic characteristics.
| Variable | Relapse (n = 92) | Re-infection (n = 49) | P value |
| Men, No. (%) | 59 (64%) | 29 (59%) | 0.59 |
| Age (yr) at recurrence, median (Q1–Q3) | 49 (42–58) | 47 (39–55) | 0.25 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 58 (63%) | 27 (55%) | 0.37 |
| Estimated GFR* on admission with recurrence, median (Q1–Q3) | 53 (29–81) | 40 (20–59) | 0.02 |
| Site(s) involved during recurrent infection | |||
| Bacteremia | 43 (47%) | 28 (57%) | 0.29 |
| Pneumonia | 27 (29%) | 17 (35%) | 0.57 |
| Liver abscess | 17 (18%) | 9 (18%) | >0.99 |
| Splenic abscess | 14 (15%) | 7 (14%) | >0.99 |
| Skin or soft tissue infection | 31 (34%) | 16 (33%) | >0.99 |
| Arthritis | 13 (14%) | 8 (16%) | 0.81 |
| Osteomyelitis | 7 (8%) | 1 (2%) | 0.26 |
| Complications of recurrent infection | |||
| Hypotension | 15 (16%) | 11 (22%) | 0.37 |
| Acute renal failure | 22 (24%) | 17 (35%) | 0.24 |
| Respiratory failure | 10 (11%) | 7 (14%) | 0.59 |
| First oral antibiotic regimen for primary episode | |||
| Three-drug regimen† | 9 (10%) | 6 (12%) | |
| Four-drug regimen‡ | 10 (11%) | 12 (24%) | 0.14 |
| Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid | 23 (25%) | 12 (24%) | |
| Other regimen§ | 50 (54%) | 19 (39%) | |
| Duration of oral treatment for primary episode, weeks, median (Q1–Q3) | 1 (0–5) | 16 (0–21) | <0.01 |
| Recurrence in rainy season (June to November) | 44 (48%) | 37 (76%) | <0.01 |
| Time to recurrence (months) median (Q1–Q3) | 6 (2–17) | 24 (9–45) | <0.01 |
| Death attributable to recurrent melioidosis | 17 (18%) | 13 (27%) | 0.29 |
Abbreviations: GFR, glomerular filtration rate; Q1–Q3, 25th percentile and 75th percentile; * mL/min per 1.73 m2, † Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline, ‡ Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol, § Fluoroquinolone-based regimen, doxycycline alone, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole alone.