TABLE 4.

Normalized ex vivo mitochondrial respiration

	Control subjects	First-degree relatives	Diabetic patients
State 3 on malate + glutamate + succinate	53.8 ± 5.7	46.1 ± 4.8	35.1 ± 1.7*
State 4	23.0 ± 2.1	20.1 ± 2.0	20.8 ± 1.6
State u	105.8 ± 9.5	77.5 ± 11.4	72.8 ± 6.9*
State 3 on malate + palmitoyl-carnitine + glutamate + succinate	60.8 ± 6.9	55.5 ± 4.6	42.1 ± 2.8
State 4	34.4 ± 2.8	32.2 ± 4.3	28.6 ± 2.0
State u	113.8 ± 14.4	80.2 ± 6.4	88.8 ± 9.9

Data are means ± SE and are pmol/(s*mg)/(mtDNA copy numbers × 10,000).

^*P < 0.05 diabetic patients vs. control subjects.